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霧霾天對胎兒發(fā)育的影響 重則死胎流產(2)

出處：媽媽育兒網 日期：2014-10-11 11:08:25 編輯：Chen

母體內分泌失調：自然流產（1）黃體功能不全：占大約23%-60%，基礎體溫雙相型，但高溫相小于11日，或高低溫差小于0.3，子宮內膜活檢示分泌反應至少落后2日，黃體期孕酮低于15ng/ml引起妊娠蛻膜反應不良，2－3個周期黃體功能檢測顯示不足，方可納入診斷，黃體功能不全影響孕卵著床。

（2）多囊卵巢綜合征：高濃度的促黃體生成素，高雄激素和高胰島素血癥降低了卵子質量和子宮內膜容受性，容易導致流產發(fā)生。

（3）高泌乳素血癥：黃體細胞存在泌乳素受體，高泌乳素抑制顆粒細胞黃素化及類固醇激素，導致黃體功能不全和卵子質量下降。有學者發(fā)現(xiàn)泌乳素可減少早期人類胎盤絨毛膜促性腺激素的分泌。

（4）甲狀腺疾病：甲狀腺功能低下與反復發(fā)生的自然流產相關。

（5）糖尿?。簛喤R床或控制滿意的糖尿病不會導致流產，未經控制的胰島素依賴型糖尿病自然流產率增加。

母體生殖道的異常

(1) 子宮畸形：包括單角子宮、雙角子宮、雙子宮及子宮縱隔等。其中尤以子宮不全縱隔最易導致流產及早產。主要由于縱隔部位內膜發(fā)育不良，對甾體激素不敏感，血液供應差。

（2）Asherman 綜合癥：宮腔體積縮小，對甾體激素應答下降。

（3）宮頸機能不全：引起晚期流產和早產，是導致妊娠中期流產的主要原因。

（4）子宮肌瘤： 粘膜下肌瘤及大于5cm肌間肌瘤的與流產有關。

生殖道感染：細菌性陰道病患者妊娠晚期流產及早產發(fā)生率升高；沙眼衣原體、 解脲支原體造成子宮內膜炎或宮頸管炎可致流產。

   其它：不健康生活方式與流產相關。有學者報道，每天吸煙超過14支的女性，流產風險較對照組增加2倍。酗酒、過量飲用咖啡因以及環(huán)境因素如有機溶劑和毒物等的影響。

     因此，產婦的流產是有多種原因的，把流產和某一種原因等同起來，是不嚴謹?shù)?。此外，即使因為PM2.5等顆粒污染物中的碳納米顆粒會導致流產，也要考慮孕婦的耐受性和個體差異，和在某一特定時間吸入的數(shù)量值，在沒有更準確、科學的研究表明流產和PM2.5等顆粒污染物中的碳納米顆粒的關系之前，貿然做出結論，只會誤導民眾，引起不必要的恐慌。

當然，在目前空氣污染的嚴重情況下，孕婦自己需要增加自我保護，盡量減少到室外重污染的地方活動，在室內增加空氣凈化裝置，多吃一些排毒的食物等。

本文由媽媽育兒網（http://m.15thirdstreetblackrock.com/）小編摘自于新浪網

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