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懷孕有哪些不良反應？要如何緩解？

出處：媽媽育兒網(wǎng) 日期：2020-10-14 11:33:03 編輯：Passion
懷孕是一個幸福的過程，但同時也是一個身體與精神都得經(jīng)歷辛苦考驗的時期，孕婦會出現(xiàn)一系列的不良反應，不過大多都是生理性的，不會影響孕婦跟他胎兒的健康發(fā)育，那么懷孕有哪些不良反應？要如何緩解？

懷孕有哪些不良反應？

1、孕吐
女性懷孕后，內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)發(fā)生變化，在多種蛋白質(zhì)和皮質(zhì)激素的影響下，孕婦體內(nèi)會出現(xiàn)許多相應的改變，最早出現(xiàn)的就是惡心，孕吐，厭食等妊娠反應，具體原因不明，可能是孕婦體內(nèi)絨毛膜促性腺激素增多，腸胃功能紊亂，胃酸分泌減少，胃部排空時間延長等因素有關。
2、乳房脹痛
懷孕后，孕婦體內(nèi)的孕激素，雌性激素，催乳素發(fā)生改變，導致孕婦的支配的神經(jīng)也增多，乳房增大，血管增加，這就導致孕婦的乳房發(fā)脹，有疼痛感。胸脹痛一般在孕40天左右，也就是月經(jīng)推遲10天左右出現(xiàn)，具體時間還得看個人，隨著孕期增加，孕婦體內(nèi)激素水平穩(wěn)定，這種情況可能會持續(xù)整個月孕期，也可能會自然消失，不管是哪一種，都是正常的生理反應，不要擔心。
3、嗜睡
懷孕后，孕婦體內(nèi)激素發(fā)生變化，比如黃體酮升高，會導致孕婦出現(xiàn)嗜睡反應；另外，孕婦新陳代謝會比常人要高一些，體內(nèi)熱量消耗速度加快，血糖易出現(xiàn)不足，也會加重嗜睡癥狀。孕早期，孕婦容易感到疲倦，嗜睡，每天都昏昏沉沉的，必須得早睡晚起睡個午覺才會精神；孕中期嗜睡癥狀逐漸減輕，會慢慢恢復正常的；到了孕晚期，孕婦肚子越來越大，體重增加，孕婦犯困但是又睡不著，特別痛苦。
4、尿頻
孕期由于腎臟略增大，腎血流量及腎小球濾過率增加，導致尿量增加；隨著孕期增加，子宮越來越大，會壓迫膀胱，膀胱的儲尿了量減少，導致排尿次數(shù)增加。孕早期孕婦經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)尿頻，但是孕中期的時候會逐漸減緩，到了孕晚期，尿頻癥狀又會增加，尤其是胎兒入盆以后，尿頻特別嚴重，甚至會出現(xiàn)漏尿。
5、腰酸背痛
腰酸背痛一般出現(xiàn)在孕晚期，由于子宮增大，孕婦的中心前移，脊柱過度前凸，背伸肌持續(xù)緊張，加上孕后松弛素分泌，骨盆韌帶與椎骨間關節(jié)，韌帶松弛，很容易出現(xiàn)腰酸背痛的癥狀。還有些孕婦，孕期長時間躺著坐著不運動，也會出現(xiàn)腰酸背痛的癥狀。

要如何緩解？

1、孕吐嚴重的孕婦，可以在床頭放個小面包，早晨起床先吃個小面包，然后再躺半個小時左右再起床。每餐少吃點，在兩餐中間再加1餐，由3餐變成5-6餐，選擇清淡好消化的食物，多吃蔬菜水果，加餐可以選擇堅果，水果，面包，餅干等等，注意勤喝水，但是不要在肚子餓的時候喝。想吃東西的時候趕緊吃，不吐了就快點吃，吐了以后繼續(xù)吃，總之每天必須得保持一定得進食量。
2、推薦柔軟舒適的棉質(zhì)內(nèi)衣，大小要合適，肩帶寬一些，質(zhì)量要好，而且隨著胸部增大，內(nèi)衣也得調(diào)整合適尺寸的，絕對不能小了。孕期可以用熱毛巾熱敷胸部，溫度不要太高，以免燙傷胸部，還可以手部摩擦發(fā)熱后，按摩胸部，都可以緩解脹痛的不適。除了胸部按摩外，還得清潔乳頭，用溫水擦洗即可，不需要用肥皂跟沐浴露，以免洗掉乳頭上的天然潤滑物質(zhì)，導致乳頭干裂。擦洗的動作要輕，不要太大力，更不要拉扯刺激乳頭，以免引起宮縮引發(fā)早產(chǎn)。
3、對于孕婦來說，充足的睡眠不僅有利于自身健康，對胎兒發(fā)育也有很大作用，所以需要保證充足的睡眠，這就要求孕婦想睡就睡，困了就休息會兒，如果條件允許的話，除了晚上睡眠充足外，中午也稍作休息。養(yǎng)成良好的睡眠習慣，建議定時上床關燈睡覺，不要睡的太晚，甚至徹夜不眠。有些孕婦可能會出現(xiàn)失眠的情況，然后玩手機看電視，結(jié)果越來越精神，最后凌晨才睡甚至徹夜不睡，這是堅決不允許的，建議大家不管睡不睡的著，都要定時關燈，遠離手機和電視。
4、很多孕婦因為尿頻而不喝水，這是不可以的，每天必須適量喝水，想要小便的時候，及時如廁，千萬不要硬憋著，以免造成膀胱發(fā)炎或者細菌感染。晚上睡前少喝水，一般建議大家選擇正確的喝水時間，晚上睡前一定要少喝，以免尿頻影響睡眠。注意，如果尿頻伴隨尿急，尿痛的話，可能是泌尿系統(tǒng)疾病，建議就醫(yī)檢查。
5、選擇舒適的平底鞋，高跟鞋就別穿了，不要長時間站立，以免靜脈曲張。日常不管是走路，站立，還是坐著，頭部和肩部應該向后仰，腰部向前挺，讓重量放在骨骼上，千萬不要彎腰駝背，否則壓力往下時，脊椎就會不由自主的彎曲，容易造成腰酸背痛。注意補鈣，孕后母體營養(yǎng)不僅要滿足自身需求，還得滿足胎兒需求，這就導致對鈣的需求比常人要多一些，如果缺鈣的話，很容易腰酸背痛腿抽筋，所以建議大家多吃一些富含鈣質(zhì)的食物，比如牛奶，蝦皮等等，缺鈣嚴重的，還得遵照醫(yī)囑適量補鈣。
結(jié)語：懷孕后，為了宮內(nèi)胎兒的健康發(fā)育，孕婦體內(nèi)激素發(fā)生變化，總會出現(xiàn)各種不同的生理癥狀，大多都是正常的，不要擔心，除了自己健康飲食健康生活外，還需要家人的呵護與陪伴，一起度過辛苦的孕期。

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