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男性孕檢腎功能衰落該怎么辦？吃什么可以補腎？

出處：網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集 日期：2024-06-22 10:26:08 編輯：秩名

腎功能衰竭的癥狀

腎功能衰竭可以分為急性腎功能衰竭、慢性腎功能衰竭兩種情況，因此，有關(guān)腎功能衰竭癥狀的了解，我們主要是從急性腎功能衰竭癥狀、慢性腎功能衰竭癥狀入手。
 
急性腎功能衰竭癥狀：
 
1、少尿期。尿量減少致使發(fā)生高鉀血癥、水中毒(浮腫嚴重、血壓升高、肺水腫或腦水腫）、代謝性酸中毒及急性尿毒癥癥狀。
 
2、多尿期。腎小管上皮細胞再生修復后尿量漸增多，使血鉀、血鈉下降，持續(xù)多尿患者可死于脫水及電解質(zhì)紊亂。
 
3、恢復期。多尿期后尿量減至正常，血Bun、肌酐（Scr）及電解質(zhì)均恢復正常水平，但腎小管功能及結(jié)構(gòu)恢復正常尚需3～6個月。未能恢復者轉(zhuǎn)為慢性腎功能衰竭。
 

慢性腎功能衰竭癥狀：

 
1、早期表現(xiàn)為無力、精神欠佳，以后出現(xiàn)食欲差、惡心、嘔吐等消化系統(tǒng)癥狀。
 
2、中期病情進一步發(fā)展，出現(xiàn)貧血、心悸、皮膚瘙癢、肢體感覺異常、麻木癥狀。
 
3、晚期心血管系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)高血壓、心包炎、心肌病、心律紊亂及心力衰竭；血液系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)嚴重貧血，有牙齦出血、皮膚瘀斑等癥狀；呼吸系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)間質(zhì)性肺炎，患者有胸疼和胸腔積液表現(xiàn)；中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)表現(xiàn)為表情淡漠、注意力不能集中，重病患者有癲癇發(fā)作及昏迷情況。
 

腎功能衰竭是什么

在現(xiàn)代社會中，“腎功能衰竭”并不是罕見的病癥。但是，究竟腎功能衰竭是什么？很多人都說不出來。接下來，媽媽網(wǎng)百科告訴你吧！
 
腎功能衰竭，即腎臟功能部分或全部喪失的病理狀態(tài)。按其發(fā)作之急緩分為急性和慢性兩種。急性腎功能衰竭系因多種疾病致使兩腎在短時間內(nèi)喪失排泄功能，簡稱急性腎衰。慢性腎功能衰竭是由各種病因所致的慢性腎病發(fā)展至晚期而出現(xiàn)的一組臨床癥狀組成的綜合證。
 
根據(jù)腎功能損害的程度將慢性腎功能衰竭分為4期：
 
1、腎貯備功能下降，患者無癥狀。
 
2、腎功能不全代償期。
 
3、腎功能失代償期(氮質(zhì)血癥期),患者有乏力，食欲不振和貧血。
 
4、尿毒癥階段，有尿毒癥癥狀。

 

腎功能衰竭的原因

腎功能衰竭主要可以分為急性腎功能衰竭和慢性腎功能衰竭兩種，因此，如果要探討腎功能衰竭原因，我們必須從急性和慢性兩種原因上進行分析。
 
急性腎功能衰竭原因：
 
1、急性腎功能衰竭是腎缺血及腎中毒，引起腎前性氮質(zhì)血癥的各種因素持續(xù)作用使腎缺血、缺氧導致。
 
2、另外，各種腎毒性物質(zhì)如藥物、細菌的內(nèi)毒素、重金屬毒物及生物毒等作用于腎臟均可致病。
 
3、此外誤型輸血及藥物可引起急性血管內(nèi)溶血，擠壓傷、燒傷及嚴重肌病，可因血紅蛋白及肌紅蛋白堵塞腎小管，而發(fā)生急性腎小管壞死和急性腎衰。
 
需要注意的是，急性腎衰發(fā)病機理仍不明，近年不少專家認為，血管收縮活性物質(zhì)釋放紊亂引起的腎內(nèi)血流動力學改變以及細胞的鈣內(nèi)流和氧自由基在急性腎衰發(fā)病機理中均起重要作用?！?/div>
 

慢性腎功能衰竭原因：

 
慢性腎功能衰竭臨床是因為各種原因造成的慢性進行性腎實質(zhì)損害，致使腎臟明顯萎縮，不能維持其基本功能，臨床出現(xiàn)以代謝產(chǎn)物潴留，水、電解質(zhì)、酸堿平衡失調(diào)，全身各系統(tǒng)受累為主要表現(xiàn)的綜合征，也稱為尿毒癥。
 

腎功能衰竭怎樣治療

腎功能衰竭并不可怕，辦法總比問題多，患者應該積極面對，尋求治療方法。腎功能衰竭怎樣治療？趕緊跟著媽媽網(wǎng)百科來學習一下吧！
 
1、針對病因治療，如擴容糾正腎前因素，解除腎后性梗阻因素，重癥急進性或其他腎小球腎炎用激素沖擊可獲效，過敏性間質(zhì)性腎炎應立即停用藥，給予抗過敏藥等。
 
2、在少尿期的時候，患者的液體入量以量出為入為原則。
 
3、應該盡量糾正高鉀血癥及酸中毒。
 
4、盡早開展透析療法，有脫水、清除毒素、糾正電解質(zhì)紊亂及酸堿平衡失調(diào)之功能，使患者度過少尿期難關(guān)。多尿期嚴格監(jiān)測水、電解質(zhì)平衡以防死于脫水及電解質(zhì)紊亂。恢復期注意加強營養(yǎng)、休息及避免用腎毒性藥物均甚重要。
 

腎功能衰竭能活多久

近幾年來，隨著生活壓力的不斷增加，越來越多的人會被各種疾病所困擾著，如許多的人會患有腎衰竭，大部分的腎衰竭的患者會問:腎功能衰竭能活多久呢?這也是患者的家屬所擔心的問題，下面就由媽媽網(wǎng)百科針對這一問題為大家進行詳細的解答吧！
 
患者進入慢性腎衰竭階段，相當于進入了慢性腎病的終末期階段。那么慢性腎衰竭能活多久呢?對已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)慢性腎衰竭的患者而言，究竟還能活多長時間，并沒有一個很好的界限。從現(xiàn)代腎病病理學研究看，如果腎衰竭患者的病情還沒有到尿毒癥期，腎小球濾過率還不低于20%，一般就還有病情逆轉(zhuǎn)的機會。患者處在腎功能衰竭早期，肌酐升高不是很高，就完全有可能長期存活。簡單通俗地來講，就是這個時期如果治療得當，把損傷的腎功能往回拉一拉就可能正常。如果治療不當，病情向前推一推就到尿毒癥期，就更加難了。治療可能跟每個人的體質(zhì)不同有關(guān)，但關(guān)鍵還要看你進行什么樣的治療，治療是否得當，治療是否及時。
 
另外要注意保養(yǎng)，不要著涼和生氣，飲食清淡。最重要的是要樹立戰(zhàn)勝慢性腎衰竭的信心，這些都可能延緩疾病的進展，加快疾病的恢復，尤其是治療過程中，保持良好的態(tài)更是重要。如果患者病情還是進行性的下降趨勢，逐步進入晚期腎衰竭階段。這時如果能及時的采取有效的治療手段，在對臨床癥狀處理的同時，能盡可能的去對損傷的腎功能加以修復，那么病人同樣可以將病情穩(wěn)定控制下來，實現(xiàn)長期的穩(wěn)定，全面提升生存質(zhì)量。
 
 

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