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上環(huán)前 媽媽們必先了解的知識

出處：網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集 日期：2025-04-05 18:53:39 編輯：秩名
上環(huán)前 媽媽們必先了解的知識
　對于上環(huán)這個話題，一定是決定不再孕育寶寶的寶媽寶爸們最想了解的話題啦?？刹皇锹铮?jīng)過十月懷胎以及產(chǎn)后恢復(fù)期，寶媽和寶爸避免不了的雨水之歡?？墒怯植幌朐賾言校瑢毎钟挚偙г勾魈撞粔虮M歡而且也是件麻煩的事。于是，“上環(huán)”就是寶媽寶爸們理想的避孕方式。關(guān)于“上環(huán)”這回事，寶媽和寶爸們有又知多少呢?
 

　　“上環(huán)”這回事知多少?

 
　　環(huán)”學(xué)名為宮內(nèi)節(jié)育器，縮寫為IUD。將其放置于育齡婦女的宮腔內(nèi)，通過機械性刺激及化學(xué)物質(zhì)的干擾而達到流產(chǎn)避孕的目的，不抑制排卵，不影響女性內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)，因而避免了一般藥物避孕的不良反應(yīng)。經(jīng)過多年的實踐改良，現(xiàn)應(yīng)用于臨床的節(jié)育器多為含銅或含藥節(jié)育器，支架材料為塑料、聚乙烯、記憶合金等，外形也不單一，有圓形、T形、V形、Y形及鏈條狀等。不同材質(zhì)及不同形狀的節(jié)育器各有特性，因而可適用于不同體質(zhì)及需要的婦女。
 

　　這些個類型的“環(huán)”你知道嗎?

 
　　1、惰性宮內(nèi)節(jié)育器
 
　　以不銹鋼絲或塑料、硅膠制成，如金屬單環(huán)、麻花環(huán)及不銹鋼宮形環(huán)等。
 
　　2、帶銅宮內(nèi)節(jié)育器
 
　　是目前使用最廣泛的一類活性宮內(nèi)育器，利用銅對精子或受精卵的殺傷作用來增強避孕效果。
 
　　3、釋放孕激素的宮內(nèi)節(jié)育器
 
　　將載于宮內(nèi)節(jié)育器的孕激素緩慢恒定地釋放到子宮腔內(nèi)，提高了避孕效果，并可明顯減少出血。
 
　　4、釋放止血藥物的宮內(nèi)節(jié)育器
 
　　可有效控制宮內(nèi)節(jié)育器放置后月經(jīng)量的增加。
 

　　啥時候放“環(huán)”最合適?

 
　　初次放“環(huán)”的寶媽一定想知道什么時候放環(huán)最得當(dāng)，不同的情況放“環(huán)”可是有不同的時間要求，不過還要配合醫(yī)生的診斷建議選擇決定，在此先了解情況也有益于寶媽們?nèi)粘r間安排。
 
　　1、月經(jīng)未凈時放置。月經(jīng)來潮第3--5天放置，這段時間有三個好處：一是子宮口松，容易放入。二是月經(jīng)剛來，可以排除懷孕，不會誤把環(huán)放到已經(jīng)懷孕的子宮里。三是避免了婦女因放環(huán)后而引起的少量出血而產(chǎn)生的顧慮和不便。
 
　　2、月經(jīng)干凈后放置。以月經(jīng)干凈后3-7天，沒有性生活史去放環(huán)為宜，因為這個時候子宮內(nèi)膜在剛剛開始生長，內(nèi)膜較薄，放置時可以避免出血，同時月經(jīng)后沒有性生活， 也避免了放環(huán)時受精卵已長在子宮內(nèi)膜上的可能性。一般多數(shù)婦女選擇在此時放環(huán)。
 
　　3、分娩后即刻放環(huán)。這時放置手術(shù)簡單易行，又可及時落實避孕措施，但需經(jīng)產(chǎn)科醫(yī)生檢查準(zhǔn)許后才可放置。
 
　　4、產(chǎn)后42天放置。即在產(chǎn)后42天左右作健康檢查的同時放置，此時放置優(yōu)點有：一是子宮口松。二是子宮已恢復(fù)正常大小還沒有因喂奶過久而縮小。三是及時落實了避孕措施，方便了婦女，可避免"暗胎"的發(fā)生。
 
　　5、產(chǎn)后三個月以上也可以放環(huán)。但應(yīng)該注意的是如果這個時間正是哺乳期，雖然不來月經(jīng)，但仍舊有懷孕的可能，也就是人們通常所說的"暗胎"，所以產(chǎn)后還沒有來月經(jīng)的婦女，應(yīng)當(dāng)先請醫(yī)生檢查有沒有懷孕，在確診沒有懷孕的情況下方可放環(huán)。
 
　　6、剖腹產(chǎn)同時或手術(shù)滿半年，情況正常，也可以考慮放環(huán)。
 
　　7、以前放置的環(huán)年限已滿，要求換環(huán)的，可在取環(huán)的同時放入一個新環(huán)。也可以在下次月經(jīng)干凈后再放入一個新環(huán)。但是必須記住在取環(huán)后這一個月要注意避孕。
 
　　8、在無防護性行為之后的5天內(nèi)放置，可用于緊急避孕。
 
　　9、月經(jīng)完畢后7天內(nèi)進行，以月經(jīng)完畢后的第三、四天為佳。

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