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準媽媽留意你的五官變化

出處：網(wǎng)絡整理 日期：2025-01-19 21:42:56 編輯：星辰

為了讓胎兒有個舒適的成長環(huán)境，準媽咪的身體機能，如內(nèi)分泌、血液、心血管、免疫乃至新陳代謝等，都會在不知不覺中發(fā)生種種改變，這些改變會對準媽咪的眼耳鼻等感覺器官造成程度不同的影響，甚至帶來一些似是而非的“病癥”。

1.眼角膜水腫

正常人眼角膜含有70%的水分，但孕婦因黃體素分泌量增加及電解質(zhì)的不平衡，易引起角膜及水晶體內(nèi)水分增加，形成角膜輕度水腫，其眼角膜的厚度平均可增加約3%，且越到懷孕末期越明顯。由于角膜水腫，敏感度將有所降低，常影響角膜反射及其保護眼球的功能。這種現(xiàn)象一般在產(chǎn)后6~8周即恢復正常。

　　2.屈光不正

眼角膜的弧度在妊娠期間會變得較陡，使得檢查時有0.25~1.25屈光度的改變，產(chǎn)生輕度屈光不正現(xiàn)象，在懷孕末期更加明顯。其結(jié)果可導致遠視及睫狀肌調(diào)節(jié)能力減弱，看近物模糊，就是其中的一種情形。若原本近視的話，此時眼睛的近視度數(shù)則會增加。這種異?，F(xiàn)象也多在產(chǎn)后5~6周恢復正常。因此，準媽咪若出現(xiàn)遠視或近視度加深情況，不必忙于配換眼鏡，可在分娩1個多月后再驗配，如此驗出的度數(shù)才相對準確。

　　3.干眼癥

正常眼睛有一層淚液膜，覆蓋在角膜及結(jié)膜之前，起保護眼球及潤滑作用。在妊娠末期，約80%的孕婦淚液分泌量會減少，懷孕期間受激素分泌的影響，淚液膜的均勻分布遭到破壞。淚液膜量的減少及質(zhì)的不穩(wěn)定，很容易造成干眼癥現(xiàn)象。因此準媽咪們應注意孕期的衛(wèi)生保健，合理營養(yǎng)，多攝入對眼睛有益的維生素A、C等營養(yǎng)素。

4.聽力變化

懷孕后，準媽咪肌體的細胞內(nèi)外液中雌激素濃度差異較大，引起滲透壓改變，導致內(nèi)耳水鈉潴留，進而可影響聽力。有研究顯示，從懷孕早期開始，孕婦的低頻區(qū)聽力(125~500赫茲)即有所下降，并在孕期的中、晚期繼續(xù)加重，至產(chǎn)后3~6個月又恢復正常。

5.血管舒張性鼻炎

懷孕后，體內(nèi)雌激素水平增高，引起鼻黏膜的超敏反應，可導致小血管擴張、組織水腫，腺體分泌旺盛，出現(xiàn)鼻塞、打噴嚏、流涕等癥狀，這種“妊娠期鼻炎”可在約20%的準媽咪身上發(fā)生，懷孕后3個月更為明顯。一旦分娩，致病因素消除后，鼻炎會隨之痊愈，不留后遺癥。目前，對“妊娠期鼻炎”尚無十分有效的預防措施，但可通過適當?shù)闹委煖p輕癥狀。

6.口腔改變

孕婦還可出現(xiàn)牙齒松動，易生齲齒，齒齦充血、水腫、增厚，刷牙時牙齦易出血等癥狀，有的孕婦還有唾液增多和流涎等，這些改變都會隨著妊娠的終結(jié)而恢復。但孕期應特別注意口腔的清潔衛(wèi)生，因為口腔感染會殃及胎兒和自身的健康，造成種種危害，不利于優(yōu)生優(yōu)育。

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