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性激素六項是什么 性激素六項哪項看不孕

出處：媽媽育兒網(wǎng) 日期：2021-10-20 09:17:31 編輯：森林
性激素六項檢測是生育力評估檢查中非常重要的一項，是女性常規(guī)的生殖疾病常規(guī)檢查手段之一。那么通過去做性激素六項哪項可以看出女性不孕呢？
 
性激素六項是什么
    性激素六項是女性常規(guī)的生殖系統(tǒng)常規(guī)檢查手段之一。通常包括促卵泡成熟激素、促黃體生成素、催乳素、雌二醇、睪酮和孕酮。
 
    性激素六項為促卵泡成熟激素（FSH）、促黃體生成素（LH）、催乳素（PRL）、雌二醇（E2）、和睪酮（T）、孕酮（P），用于了解體內(nèi)內(nèi)分泌功能和診斷內(nèi)分泌失調(diào)的相關疾病。一般情況下，女性在出現(xiàn)月經(jīng)周期紊亂、閉經(jīng)、生殖道異常出血、婦科相關腫瘤時，男性在出現(xiàn)精液異常、陽痿、激素相關腫瘤等，需要檢查性激素六項。
 
    女性性激素六項最佳檢查時間為月經(jīng)來潮后的第3～5天，這一段時間為卵泡早期，性激素含量可以反映女性卵巢功能。若距離月經(jīng)來潮時間較長，且又急于了解檢查結果者，可隨時進行檢測，默認為黃體期的檢查結果。女性在當日進行檢查時，要求空腹抽血檢查。男性檢查性激素六項者，在沒有劇烈運動的情況下，當日即可檢查，要求空腹。
性激素六項是什么 性激素六項哪項看不孕
性激素六項哪項看不孕
性激素六項是什么 性激素六項哪項看不孕
    1、促卵泡生成激素(FSH)：卵巢早衰、原發(fā)性閉經(jīng)等
    主要功能是促進卵巢的卵泡發(fā)育和成熟。是生殖科醫(yī)生最關注的指標，反應了卵巢儲備功能，F(xiàn)SH越高，卵巢儲備功能越差，即試管嬰兒成功率越低。在月經(jīng)第3天測量血液中卵泡刺激素(FSH)的濃度，可用來預測受孕能力。FSH高見于卵巢早衰、卵巢不敏感綜合征、原發(fā)性閉經(jīng)等。
 
    如果FSH高15mIU/mL，則代表著生育能力較差，如果高于40mIU/mL，在臨床上代表著卵巢功能衰竭，對克羅米芬之類的促排卵藥無效。
 
    2、促黃體生成素(LH)：多囊卵巢綜合癥、卵巢發(fā)育不全、更年期綜合征等
    主要是促使排卵，在FSH的協(xié)同作用下，形成黃體形成并分泌孕激素。促黃體生成素(LH)：LH由垂體前葉細胞分泌，受下丘腦黃體激素釋放激素(LHRH)的控制，并隨血清中雌激素、孕激素的水平變化而變化。絕經(jīng)后婦女由于卵巢功能減退，雌激素分泌減少，解除了對下丘腦的負反饋，故血清中LH升高。
 
    臨床LH升高常見于：卵巢早衰、更年期綜合征、垂體或下丘腦腫瘤、卵巢發(fā)育不全、Turner綜合征、多囊卵巢綜合癥。LH水平降低，可引起不育，常見于：垂體功能障礙、Sheehan綜合癥、垂體切除、肥胖性生殖器退化綜合癥、神經(jīng)性厭食及使用雌激素后。
 
    高促性腺激素癥：FSH>40IU/L(40miu/ml)，LH>25IU/L(25MIU/ml)，E2<110pmol/L(30pg/ml)
 
    若見于40歲以下婦女，應考慮是卵巢早衰或卵巢不敏感綜合癥。若FSH特別高，則可認為不能生育。若LH也高，則卵巢功能衰竭的診斷可以確定。LH/FSH>=3，則是診斷多囊卵巢綜合征的依據(jù)之一。
 
    3、催乳素(PRL)：高催乳素血癥等
    也稱泌乳素，主要功能是促進乳腺的增生、乳汁的生成和排乳。育齡婦女，血中PRL高于1.0nmol/L即為高催乳素血癥，過多的催乳素可抑制FSH及LH的分泌，抑制卵巢功能，抑制排卵。PRL>2.0nmol/L(50ng/ml)應予治療。PRL>4.0nmol/L(100ng/ml)，提示微腺瘤。
 
    4、雌二醇(E2)：女性早熟等
    卵巢分泌的最主要的雌激素，主要功能是促使第二性征發(fā)育、乳腺管增生、子宮發(fā)育、內(nèi)膜生長、陰道上皮增生角化等。
 
    5、孕酮(P)：黃體功能不全、排卵型功能失調(diào)性子宮出血
    由卵巢的黃體分泌的孕激素，主要功能是抑制子宮收縮，使子宮內(nèi)膜由增生期轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榉置谄冢瑸槭芫阎布鞍l(fā)育作準備。
 
    排卵后期血P值低，提示黃體功能不全、排卵型功能失調(diào)性子宮出血。
 
    6、睪酮(T)：高睪酮血癥等
    女性體內(nèi)睪酮50%由外周雄烯二酮轉(zhuǎn)化而來，25%為腎上腺皮質(zhì)所分泌，僅25%來自卵巢。主要功能是促進陰蒂、陰唇和陰阜的發(fā)育。對雌激素有抵抗作用，對全身代謝有一定影響。
 
    血T值高，叫高睪酮血癥，可引起不孕?；级嗄衣殉簿C合癥時，血T值也增高。根據(jù)臨床表現(xiàn)，必要時再測定其他激素。
性激素六項是什么 性激素六項哪項看不孕
常見的性激素六項檢查有黃體生成素、卵泡生產(chǎn)素、孕酮、雌二醇、催乳素、睪酮。如發(fā)現(xiàn)有這六項激素有分泌異常的問題,需要進行針對性的調(diào)理。此外，如果想排除是否不孕，還需進行甲功、子宮附件彩超、輸卵管造影等其它檢查,以判斷是否有其它可致不孕癥的疾病存在。

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