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二手煙會導致女性不孕嗎？二手煙的危害有哪些？

出處：媽媽育兒網(wǎng) 日期：2022-07-09 17:00:34 編輯：美清

女性被動吸煙現(xiàn)況不可忽視

在中國，被動吸煙的狀況非常廣泛。早在1996年全國各地吸煙臨床流行病學科學研究就表明，57%的15歲之上女士和60%之上的孕產(chǎn)婦每日都是在被動吸煙。在被動吸煙女性中，71%是在家里，25%在工作場所，33%在公共場合被動吸煙。在一些特殊行業(yè)，如在飯店、夜店工作中的女士，基本上100%在工作場所被動吸煙。

女性被動吸煙壞處多

1.造成 肝癌、心肌梗塞。日本、德國、美國、美國、中國香港等國家和地區(qū)的調(diào)研說明，長期性同吸煙老公一起生活的不吸煙妻子患肝癌的危險性，是同不吸煙老公一起生活的不吸煙妻子的1.5～2倍。老公吸煙量越大，在一起日常生活的時間越長，妻子被害水平就會越重。

被動吸煙造成 心肌梗塞的緣故是：被動吸煙所吸進的化合物能夠使高脂血癥，血夜粘稠，毀壞心臟機構，減少毛細血管對血壓值和血液的調(diào)整工作能力，從而提升產(chǎn)生心肌梗塞的風險。

2.造成 不孕癥、高危兒、胎死腹中和小產(chǎn)。

不孕癥科學研究表明，煙焦油有減少雌激素分泌和消滅精子的作用，每日吸煙30支，精子成活率僅為49%，致死率為51%。老公吸煙可使妻子懷孕的概率降低一半。

高危兒吸煙會危害男性精子，并將這類危害基因遺傳給兒女。美國在對1.5萬多名少年兒童開展調(diào)研后發(fā)覺，爸爸媽媽每日吸煙超出20支，其兒女產(chǎn)生唇腭裂、心臟瓣膜病或輸尿管狹窄等先天缺點的風險，比不吸煙爸爸媽媽生的兒女多接近50%，在其中大部分是爸爸吸煙導致的。孕媽媽被動吸煙還會繼續(xù)使胎寶寶血夜中鋅成分降低，危害胎寶寶頭部生長發(fā)育。

胎死腹中和小產(chǎn)荷蘭生物學家根據(jù)對500名女性調(diào)研發(fā)覺，孕媽媽吸煙能使胎寶寶致死率提升。老公每日吸煙l0支之上，胎寶寶致死率可提升60%；吸煙越多，致死率越高。美國每一年有7500名孕媽媽產(chǎn)生小產(chǎn)或早產(chǎn)兒，約450名新生嬰兒在出世后短期內(nèi)內(nèi)身亡，生物學家經(jīng)調(diào)研也得到相近的結果。

研究表明，在懷孕前期，因為煙焦油以及新陳代謝物質(zhì)的功效，孕媽媽身體黃體銅分泌降低，并危害子宮壁的蛻膜反應，使孕卵受精卵著床產(chǎn)生阻礙，以至懷孕停止或產(chǎn)生自發(fā)小產(chǎn)。孕媽媽被動吸煙越多，產(chǎn)生小產(chǎn)或早產(chǎn)兒的危險因素越大。胎寶寶產(chǎn)生宮腔內(nèi)室息或身亡，是因為煙焦油可以使胚胎氧氣含量降低。為了更好地融入胎寶寶的必須，胚胎代償性擴大，經(jīng)過大的胚胎非常容易產(chǎn)生基底端萎縮和滋養(yǎng)層細胞增長，還很有可能發(fā)生臍動脈畸型，這種病理學更改能夠造成 胎寶寶宮腔內(nèi)室息或身亡。

3.使孕婦分泌乳汁降低。美國研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，孕媽媽處于被動或積極吸煙，能夠使泌乳素水準降低，使孕婦分泌乳汁降低。

4.造成 敗血癥和惡性腫瘤。美國一項研究表明：老公吸煙能夠使非吸煙妻子患敗血癥的概率提高7倍。6～45歲在家里被動吸煙的女士，患乳癌、直腸癌的危險因素，比不吸煙家中的女性高3～4倍。

協(xié)助女性解決被動吸煙

1.法律。近些年，在我國在公共場合嚴禁吸煙政策法規(guī)在總數(shù)和范疇上都是有非常大水平的提升和擴張。如中國民航總局于1983年就要求禁止在國內(nèi)航空上吸煙。國家鐵路局于1985年明文規(guī)定于北京、上海市、青島市以及他汽車站候車廳和100數(shù)次火車上嚴禁吸煙。1987年，國務院辦公廳施行了公共場合環(huán)境衛(wèi)生管理辦法。1991年，國家衛(wèi)生部公布了該規(guī)章的實施辦法?，F(xiàn)階段在我國現(xiàn)有88個省、市、自治州施行實行了公共場合嚴禁吸煙政策法規(guī)。公共場合關鍵包含醫(yī)院門診、院校、代步工具、運動場館、大型商場以及他一些與老百姓日常生活息息相關的公共場合?？墒且驗楦鞣N原因，此政策法規(guī)在每個大城市的實行結果不盡人意。

2.建立控煙工作場所。世衛(wèi)組織《煙草控制框架公約》早已宣布起效，條例規(guī)定社會發(fā)展各單位團結一心，共同奮斗，讓每一位職工在工作場所不會受到被動吸煙的傷害。

3.提倡控煙家中。大家每日大概有一半之上的時間在家里渡過的，約2/3的女性、少年兒童在家里遭到被動吸煙的傷害。在許多的狀況下，她們沒有挑選的空間，尤其是嬰兒。

4.激勵戒煙戒酒。吸煙者戒煙戒酒是從源頭上清除被動吸煙，因此 不管從維護吸煙者身心健康視角，或是維護婦兒的視角，都應當激勵吸煙者戒煙戒酒。

5.提升健康教育知識。造就一個新鮮空氣的生活家居，必須全社會發(fā)展的勤奮，包含加強吸煙者的社會公德觀念和被動吸煙者的利益觀念。除此之外，還應充分運用新聞媒體在禁煙工作上的功效，加大宣傳力度被動吸煙有危害的科技知識，提升 大家對被動吸煙有危害身心健康的了解，推動健康行為產(chǎn)生。

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