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出現不孕癥的輸卵管原因有哪些？

出處：網絡收集 日期：2024-07-03 09:44:42 編輯：秩名

輸卵管的原因為何能引起不孕呢？這與輸卵管的生理、解剖形態(tài)有關。輸卵管是1對細長而彎曲的管子，近端與子宮角相連，遠端游離呈傘狀與卵巢接近，全長約8～14厘米，輸卵管為卵子與精子相遇之處。受精卵由輸卵管向子宮腔運行。輸卵管的傘部長為1厘米左右，有搜集卵子的作用。輸卵管壁肌肉由2層構成，內呈環(huán)形外呈縱形。由于肌肉收縮，可以產生輸卵管由遠至近端的蠕動。管壁內層為纖毛細胞，其上附有纖毛，可以擺動而運送受精卵至宮腔。由于輸卵管解剖結構特征，使其能更好地促進精子與卵子結合，并輸送其在子宮腔內著床。當輸卵管發(fā)生病變或其功能受到影響時，可造成不孕。
 

常見的引起不孕的輸卵管因素有：

 
(1)輸卵管發(fā)育不全或輸卵管過于細長彎曲，影響卵子與精子相遇及干擾孕卵運行。
 
(2)輸卵管肌肉收縮功能減弱，影響輸卵管正常蠕動，從而影響孕卵運行。
 
(3)由于炎癥，引起輸卵管內壁上皮纖毛蠕動減退，影響孕卵運動。淋球菌或結核菌感染，引起輸卵管傘端或部分封閉，導致輸卵管不通。由于輸卵管結核，造成輸卵管內膜病變，纖毛破壞或輸卵管粗細不均粘連梗阻。
 
(4)由于盆腔炎或闌尾炎穿孔，引起輸卵管周圍感染，造成輸卵管阻塞、粘連及蠕動異常而導致不育。
 
(5)因患有盆腔子宮內膜異位癥，腹腔液中前列腺素含量過高，而引起輸卵管異常蠕動影響攝取卵子及孕卵運行。
 
總之，輸卵管病變常影響卵子與精子結合及阻礙孕卵運行而造成不孕。

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