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腦科學發(fā)現(xiàn):孩子挑食的毛病,或許是娘胎里帶的,尤其是這類孩子

出處:@禾禾媽愛學習日期:2024-08-21 03:06:38編輯:網絡收集

你家孩子挑食嗎?你知道他挑食的真正原因嗎?

說實話,我家禾禾就是一個極其挑食的孩子,從一歲多正式開始吃大人飯,到現(xiàn)在上小學三年級一直如此,愛吃的食物一把手就能數過來。

關鍵是有很多東西,她從來都沒有吃過,甚至都不去嘗一口,就直接說不好吃、不想吃,比如部分魚類,帶葉青菜以及一些水果等。

為此我也十分苦惱和無奈,看了很多育兒方面的書,也問了兒科醫(yī)生,關于女兒挑食的原因,他們給出的無非就是孩子零食吃得太多、脾胃虛弱、缺乏微量元素鋅等這些答案。

可是,我按照醫(yī)生的囑咐限制了女兒的零食,也給她吃了調理脾胃的藥,還補充了鈣鐵鋅等微量元素,但女兒挑食的壞習慣依然沒有一絲改變。

慢慢地我也就釋然了,反正,反正我自己小時候也挺挑食的,長大后除了個子矮一些,也沒有什么大的問題。

直到我最近讀了一本關于腦科學的書——美國著名神經科學家約翰·梅迪寫的《讓孩子大腦自由》,我忽然意識到女兒的挑食行為或許不是后天環(huán)境影響的,而是先天因素導致的。

01 孩子的挑食,也許是娘胎里帶的

為了弄清孕晚期母親的飲食,對孩子口味偏好的影響,國外某科研機構,曾做了一組對照實驗,將一定數量的懷孕的老鼠分為兩組,一組向其子宮內注射蘋果汁,一組則不做任何干預。

經過一段時間的操作,待小老鼠出生后,科研人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個有意思的現(xiàn)象:相比沒做任何干預的小老鼠,在子宮內被注射過蘋果汁的小老鼠,更喜歡喝蘋果汁。

科研人員將類似以上這種娘胎里影響胎兒口味偏好的現(xiàn)象稱之為“口味設定”。

腦科學家通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn):人類胎兒的味覺組織是在孕8周后就開始形成出的,但胎兒真正能感受到味道,對味道產生偏好,則要在孕24周以后。

基于以上發(fā)現(xiàn),腦科學家繼續(xù)做了一系列的調查研究,結果發(fā)現(xiàn)人類胎兒也存在“口味設定”現(xiàn)象。

比如,那些在孕晚期大量飲用胡蘿卜汁的孕婦,她們所生育的嬰兒,相較于那些在孕期未飲用胡蘿卜汁的孕婦所生育的嬰兒,更傾向于喜好喝胡蘿卜汁。

此外,科研人員還發(fā)現(xiàn)“口味設定”現(xiàn)象不僅出現(xiàn)在孕中晚期,也出現(xiàn)在孩子剛出生不久的哺乳期。

比如,如果母親在母乳喂養(yǎng)期間經常吃桃子和大蝦,孩子在斷奶后也很有可能會對這些食物產生喜好,并傾向于喜歡吃它們。

由此可見,孕婦在孕中晚期,以及產婦在哺乳期的飲食習慣,會影響到孩子出生后的口味偏好。

02 不必為了孩子,特意偏向素食

看到這里,相信很多網友,尤其是處于孕中晚期、哺乳期的媽媽們,禁不住會想:“既然口味偏好是在娘胎里形成的,那么我們在孕中后期、哺乳期,是不是該偏向素食,以保證孩子出生后愛吃蔬菜和水果呢?

關于孩子偏食,我查詢了大量資料,結果發(fā)現(xiàn)以下幾點關鍵數據:

目前我國有40%-60%左右的孩子存在挑食、偏食等不良飲食行為。

其中,大約有20%到30%的兒童存在明顯的口味偏好;大約有10%到20%的兒童存在與心理壓力相關的偏食問題;缺鋅導致的偏食行為約占偏食總人數的20%左右。

在偏食問題中,蔬菜是最不受孩子們喜歡的食物類型,92.6%的孩子對蔬菜持有較大的抵觸情緒,隨著孩子年齡的增加,偏食問題逐漸減少。

綜上可見,偏食在兒童時期是一個普遍存在的現(xiàn)象,所以說即使我們的孩子存在娘胎里形成的口味設定,也僅僅是導致偏食的眾多因素之一。

所以各位媽媽們,不必為了孩子,特意偏向素食,因為無論是胎兒,還是嬰幼兒的發(fā)育,都是需要多種營養(yǎng)素的,素食雖然富含纖維、維生素和礦物質,但往往缺乏動物性食品中的蛋白質、鐵、鋅等元素。

如果孕晚期或者哺乳期過于偏重素食,則會影響孩子的正常發(fā)育,得不償失!

03 應對孩子挑食的幾個小妙招

嚴重挑食,不僅會導致孩子營養(yǎng)不良、免疫力下降、影響生長發(fā)育,甚至還有可能影響孩子智力發(fā)育。

所以,作為父母,對于孩子的挑食行為,也不能掉以輕心,幾個應對孩子挑食的小妙招,分享給大家。

①獎賞機制

腦科學研究表明:大腦的獎賞機制對于孩子的食物選擇起著重要作用。

當孩子嘗試新的食物并感到愉悅時,大腦會釋放多巴胺等神經遞質,這種獎賞信號會強化他們的行為,使他們更愿意嘗試這種食物。

相反,如果孩子嘗試的新食物不合其口味,大腦可能會釋放皮質醇等與壓力有關的激素,導致孩子厭惡這種食物。

所以,當孩子嘗試吃一種新食物時,我們要及時給予其獎勵,比如口頭上的表揚,或者送給他們個小禮物等。

時間久了,孩子就會慢慢改變對厭惡食物的抵觸情緒,逐漸養(yǎng)成健康的飲食習慣。

② 調動視覺刺激

孩子學習和記憶時,常常依賴于視覺信息,我們可以利用這一點來吸引孩子的注意力。

比如,將孩子不愛吃的食物擺成有趣的形狀,或者用他喜歡的、色彩鮮艷的餐具擺盤,以此激發(fā)孩子的好奇心,使其更愿意嘗試。

③ 不要強迫孩子

有些孩子從小就吃特定的食物,他的大腦中就可能會逐漸形成對這種食物的強烈偏好,從而排斥吃這些特定食物外的食物。

此外,孩子如果在生活中有過某些不愉快的食物體驗,如吃胡蘿卜吃壞了肚子,或者吃桃子時感覺身體不適,也可能導致他們討厭某些食物。

對于有以上體驗的孩子,我們不要急于強迫他們接受他們不喜歡的食物,而應該尋找一些合適的方式,逐漸地、有耐心地引入新食物。

比如,將這些食物與孩子喜歡的食物混在一起,讓他們逐漸適應新食物的味道和口感。

【最后寫給家長的話】

如果你試遍了各種辦法,你孩子的挑食行為依舊沒有改善,那我們做父母的也不能放棄。畢竟孩子正處于長身體的關鍵時期,就像快要開花結果的小樹苗,缺了肥料肯定是不行的。

就像我家禾禾,各種辦法我都試了一遍,結果還是沒有明顯的改變。

所以,我現(xiàn)在的辦法就是隔一段時間就帶她去醫(yī)院做下檢查,看看她生長發(fā)育的情況,如果缺鈣,就及時補充鈣片,缺微量元素就及時補微量元素。

畢竟現(xiàn)在科技發(fā)達了,生活改善了,不得已的時候,或許這也是一個緩兵之計,畢竟保證孩子健康長大才是最重要的

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