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孕婦羊水偏多對胎兒有什么影響？

出處：媽媽育兒網(wǎng) 日期：2014-05-22 12:10:37 編輯：Chen

羊水就是孕媽媽子宮內(nèi)羊膜腔中的液體，它能保護(hù)胎寶寶不受外界的震蕩。羊水又被叫做生命之水,胎寶寶離不開羊水，就像魚兒離不開水一樣，由此可見羊水有多重要。

雖然羊水對胎兒起著很大的保護(hù)作用，但羊水并非越多越好。羊水一旦過多就會(huì)對胎兒造成各種傷害甚至導(dǎo)致胎兒死亡。

羊水正常范圍：一般來說羊水最大深度在3-6厘米之間，羊水指數(shù)在8~18厘米之間為正常。凡在妊娠任何時(shí)期內(nèi)羊水量超過2000ml者，稱為羊水過多，最高可達(dá)20000ml。

羊水過多越嚴(yán)重圍生兒死亡率越高。在明顯的羊水過多患者中新生兒預(yù)后較差。盡管B超可以發(fā)現(xiàn)明顯的胎兒畸形，但是對外表正常的圍生兒仍要認(rèn)真對待，因?yàn)椴糠痔夯蜝超尚難發(fā)現(xiàn)，另外染色體異常的發(fā)病率較高。羊水過多者早產(chǎn)、臍帶脫垂、胎盤早剝等的并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生率增加，影響圍生兒的預(yù)后。妊娠合并糖尿病和新生兒紅細(xì)胞增多癥均使圍生兒預(yù)后不良。

羊水過多對孕婦的影響主要是胎盤早剝、宮縮乏力、產(chǎn)后出血等。由于大量的羊水突然抽提，導(dǎo)致宮腔壓力減少胎盤的兒面和母面的壓力不平衡使胎盤母面的血管破裂導(dǎo)致胎盤早期剝離。羊水過多者的子宮往往較大，子宮肌細(xì)胞過度牽拉，當(dāng)羊水突然減少時(shí)平滑肌細(xì)胞不能有效收縮導(dǎo)致宮縮乏力胎兒娩出后，就導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)后出血。另外，羊水過多者的胎位異常以致手術(shù)產(chǎn)率增加。

羊水過多怎么辦

如果你被診斷出羊水過多，醫(yī)生會(huì)讓你做高清晰B超檢查，看胎兒是否存在畸形。醫(yī)生也可能會(huì)讓你做羊水穿刺，看胎兒是否有遺傳缺陷。

在剩下的孕期里，你還需要定期做胎心監(jiān)護(hù)和B超檢查，密切監(jiān)控胎兒的生長發(fā)育情況。醫(yī)生還會(huì)觀察你是否有早產(chǎn)的跡象。如果你還沒有檢查是否有妊娠期糖尿病，現(xiàn)在就應(yīng)該查了。

在你的分娩過程中，醫(yī)生也會(huì)密切監(jiān)控你的情況。由于羊水過多，破水時(shí)發(fā)生臍帶脫垂(指臍帶從宮頸口脫落出來)或胎盤早剝的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也會(huì)更高。這兩種情況都需要馬上進(jìn)行剖腹產(chǎn)(剖宮產(chǎn))。

這就是為什么羊水過多時(shí)，醫(yī)生會(huì)讓你早點(diǎn)到醫(yī)院待產(chǎn)的原因。或者，如果在分娩發(fā)動(dòng)之前，你就破水了，醫(yī)生會(huì)讓你馬上住院。此外，由于你的子宮被過度拉伸了，可能無法收縮得很好，所以，出現(xiàn)產(chǎn)后大出血的可能性也會(huì)增加。因此，醫(yī)生在你生完寶寶后，也會(huì)密切監(jiān)護(hù)你的情況。

羊水過多的飲食調(diào)理方法

如果孕婦羊水過多，需要注意低鹽飲食，并口服利尿藥物如雙氫克尿塞25毫克，每日1次。

中醫(yī)在臨床上常用源自《千金要方》的經(jīng)典方藥鯉魚湯”來調(diào)治，具體用法是：鯉魚1條，去內(nèi)臟，加白術(shù)15g，陳皮6g、茯苓15g、當(dāng)歸12g、白芍12g，生姜6g，煎濃湯，去藥材，飲湯吃魚，通常服用3~5劑即有明顯的效果。因鯉魚肉具有補(bǔ)脾健胃、利水消腫的功能，而白術(shù)、茯苓、生姜、陳皮具有健脾理氣的功用，配合當(dāng)歸、白芍養(yǎng)血安胎，可達(dá)到去水而不傷胎的雙重功效。

另外，冬瓜皮湯、白扁豆，赤小豆煎水代茶飲也可用于利水以減少羊水量。

本文由媽媽育兒網(wǎng)（http://m.15thirdstreetblackrock.com/）小編編輯整理

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