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奪人命的羊水栓塞究竟是什么？

出處：網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集 日期：2024-07-30 13:49:55 編輯：秩名
羊水栓塞，究竟有多可怕？
　　網(wǎng)曝劉強(qiáng)東妹妹在生第三胎時(shí)，疑似因羊水栓塞而不幸去世。雖然目前還未得到官方的確認(rèn)，但是網(wǎng)上已經(jīng)流出了大量的相關(guān)消息。
 
　　據(jù)了解，這個(gè)低調(diào)的富豪親人此前一直都是從事英語老師的工作，還自己經(jīng)營著一家小超市。
 
　　讓人唏噓之時(shí)，又讓許多人想知道這個(gè)能奪人命的羊水栓塞到底是什么？面對(duì)它，我們應(yīng)該怎么防御呢？
 

　　▎什么是羊水栓塞？

 
　　羊水栓塞（amniotic fluid embolism）是指在分娩過程中羊水突然進(jìn)入母體血液循環(huán)引起急性肺栓塞，過敏性休克，彌散性血管內(nèi)凝血（DIC），腎功能衰竭或猝死的嚴(yán)重的分娩期并發(fā)癥。
 
　　簡而言之，就是指在分娩過程中，羊水突然進(jìn)入母體血液循環(huán)。為什么羊水栓塞會(huì)那么兇險(xiǎn)？這首先跟羊水中的各種致敏物質(zhì)有關(guān)。
 
　　羊水中含有各種各樣的物質(zhì)，比如胎盤胎脂、胎糞、毛皮、污染物，一旦進(jìn)入血液之后，會(huì)引發(fā)大面積急性感染、導(dǎo)致腎衰竭。
 
　　特別是一些有形物質(zhì)，隨著血液循環(huán)進(jìn)入產(chǎn)婦肺部，形成肺栓塞，可能馬上引起呼吸窘迫、心臟呼吸驟停。
 
　　“羊水栓塞的發(fā)生概率雖然只有十萬分之四左右，但致命率非常高，約一半病人在發(fā)病后1小時(shí)內(nèi)死亡，被稱為‘產(chǎn)科死神’”。
 

　　▎哪些人容易出現(xiàn)羊水栓塞？

 
　　高齡、二次剖腹產(chǎn)是羊水栓塞高危因素；
 
　　在產(chǎn)科，羊水栓塞由于死亡率極高而被人熟知，這個(gè)名詞是最令醫(yī)生緊張害怕的。
 
　　專家表示，目前羊水栓塞發(fā)生的確切原因并沒有定論，高齡、二次剖腹產(chǎn)、疤痕子宮、羊水過多、妊娠期糖尿病都是高危因素。
 
　　發(fā)生羊水栓塞通常有以下誘因：
 
　　● 生產(chǎn)次數(shù)多的產(chǎn)婦
 
　　● 高齡產(chǎn)婦
 
　　● 有胎膜早破或人工破膜史
 
　　● 宮縮過強(qiáng)或縮宮素（催產(chǎn)素）應(yīng)用不當(dāng)
 
　　● 胎盤早期剝離、前置胎盤
 
　　● 子宮破裂或手術(shù)產(chǎn)易發(fā)生羊水栓塞
 

　　▎羊水栓塞能預(yù)防嗎？

 
　　羊水栓塞目前沒有公認(rèn)的危險(xiǎn)因素，既沒辦法預(yù)防，也無特異治療。但我們?nèi)匀恍枰龊煤妙A(yù)防措施，防止發(fā)生嚴(yán)重后果。
 
　　醫(yī)生給出的幾個(gè)寶貴建議，值得大家參考，可以把羊水栓塞的發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降到最低。
 
　　1、產(chǎn)婦在孕期盡量到正規(guī)醫(yī)院做產(chǎn)檢，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)有什么異常情況，聽醫(yī)生的勸告，盡量配合醫(yī)生做孕期保健。
 
　　定時(shí)做產(chǎn)前檢查，除了羊水栓塞，還有一些其他嚴(yán)重的并發(fā)癥，比如妊娠高血壓，早發(fā)現(xiàn)早處理。
 
　　2、注意合理飲食和運(yùn)動(dòng)，防止胎兒長得過大，3公斤左右比較合適。
 
　　3、高齡產(chǎn)婦、早產(chǎn)或過期產(chǎn)者及經(jīng)產(chǎn)婦，尤其是胎膜早破、子宮體或子宮頸發(fā)育不良的孕媽媽容易發(fā)生羊水栓塞，因此要積極配合醫(yī)生所做的正確處理。
 
　　4、在分娩的過程中，如果出現(xiàn)胸悶、煩躁等不舒服的感覺，要及時(shí)告訴醫(yī)生，以便醫(yī)生及早處理。
 
　　5、產(chǎn)婦要保持一定的體力，爭取順產(chǎn)。具體分娩方式要聽醫(yī)生的建議，不要盲目地選擇剖腹產(chǎn)。
 

　　▎生娃不易，且行且珍惜

 
　　不管是哪個(gè)女人，在面對(duì)生孩子這件事情上，都是一樣的危險(xiǎn)，都可能是在鬼門關(guān)前走了一遭。
 
　　雖然羊水栓塞發(fā)生在產(chǎn)婦身上的概率是十萬分之四左右，但可能一旦發(fā)生，其致死率幾乎將會(huì)達(dá)到100%。
 
　　除了羊水栓塞以外，一個(gè)女人懷孕生子的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)還有：大出血，先兆子癇，妊娠糖尿病，高血壓，腸粘連，子宮脫垂等等等等。
 
　　所以，如果你問一個(gè)已婚已育的女性，她人生中最無助的時(shí)候是什么時(shí)候。
 
　　大概很多女性會(huì)告訴你：“一個(gè)人躺在冰冷的手術(shù)室里準(zhǔn)備生孩子的時(shí)候。”
 
　　懷孕這個(gè)讓所有人高興的事，卻唯獨(dú)讓女人去承受了所有的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。你永遠(yuǎn)不知道在分娩那一刻，下一秒究竟會(huì)發(fā)什么事情，你也不知道女人們是有多期望“母子平安”這句話能快點(diǎn)從醫(yī)生的口里說出來。
 
　　畢竟在生娃的時(shí)候，每一刻都在提心吊膽，而你的命可能也不在自己手里。聽天由命這四個(gè)字在此時(shí)，大概就是對(duì)生死未卜最大的無奈了吧。
 
　　更何況，所謂“保大保小”的這些話語也可能是將孕婦推向死亡深淵的另一種人為因素了吧。
 
　　一個(gè)個(gè)驚心動(dòng)魄讓人難忘經(jīng)歷的背后，是生死攸關(guān)中的命與命的相連。猶如十二根肋骨斷掉的痛苦，你沒經(jīng)歷過的話也根本無法理解。
 
　　所以，不管你是男人還是女人，都請(qǐng)珍惜這一次用命交換回來的奇跡吧！

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