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加強青少年心理健康教育的方法(2)

出處：媽媽育兒網(wǎng)日期：2014-02-26 11:25:07編輯：Chen

三、中小學應有專業(yè)心理健康教育工作者，實行心理干預

1、認真開展心理健康教育課程、舉辦心理健康講座，幫助青少年了解心理學知識，掌握一定的自我心理調節(jié)技術。

2、寓心理健康教育于各學科教學之中，滲透性地進行心理健康教育。

3、開展多種形式的心理咨詢與輔導工作。學校應設立心理咨詢室、心理咨詢熱線電話、心理咨詢信箱、建立學生心理健康檔案等，進行個別與團體咨詢、電話咨詢、信件咨詢、專欄咨詢，采用科學、專業(yè)的方法對癥下藥，使學生的心理問題和行為問題能夠得到及時矯治。4、兼顧對家長及社會其他人員進行心理健康宣傳，營造良好的家庭和社會環(huán)境。

四、建立和完善良好的社會支持系統(tǒng)

1、協(xié)調師生關系。教師對學生不理解、不信任會使學生產(chǎn)生對抗心理，教師的認知偏差會帶給學生心理上的壓抑，出現(xiàn)攻擊行為。青少年時期，教師仍然是學生的榜樣之一，是公正的代表，遭遇問題時，他們希望得到教師的理解、關心與愛。

如果教師缺乏包容心和耐心，不能以平和的態(tài)度給予指導幫助，反而橫加指責，學生則會失望，更易叛逆。教師對學生缺乏尊重，貶低其價值的不良態(tài)度會使學生的心理遭受嚴重的創(chuàng)傷。

2、協(xié)調親子關系。親子關系即家庭中以自然的血緣和人倫為主的關系，如父母與子女、弟兄姊妹。民主的、寬松的家庭給青少年一個溫馨的港灣，專制的、嚴苛的家庭會造成家庭成員之間不能進行正常的溝通、交流，易養(yǎng)成孩子孤僻、專橫的性格。

因此，對青少年的心理健康維護必須以家庭為起始點，以全體家庭成員的優(yōu)良品質及和睦的關系為依托，同心協(xié)力為每一個生命營造健康良好的成長環(huán)境。

3、協(xié)調同學、朋友間的關系。青少年除希望得到老師的理解與支持外，也希望被同學、朋友接納，渴求同學、朋友的理解與信任。若同學、朋友關系不融洽，甚至關系緊張，就會呈現(xiàn)孤獨、苦悶、郁郁寡歡的情緒狀態(tài)。

學校和家庭應通過各種形式，倡導青少年廣泛接觸社會、結交朋友，在日常交往中建立相互理解、信任、關心的人際關系，在交往中取得進步，克服緊張、恐懼、自卑、孤獨、偏見、敵意、猜疑、嫉妒等不良心理。

五、發(fā)現(xiàn)問題應及時尋求幫助

如果發(fā)現(xiàn)青少年有明顯的適應不良、學習不專心或學習成績下降、古怪異常行為、焦慮抑郁情緒等，就應該去尋求心理醫(yī)生的幫助。

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