媽媽育兒網(wǎng)
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二胎模式全面開啟 臍帶血有必要保存嗎？(2)

出處：媽媽育兒網(wǎng) 日期：2016-08-18 10:34:40 編輯：橙子

疑問(wèn)2：二孩家庭存臍血有意義嗎？若有家族遺傳病是不是不建議存臍血？

孫媛教授表示，二孩家庭存臍血一可自用，如果孩子得了血液系統(tǒng)的疾病，可以用造血干細(xì)胞來(lái)糾正的疾病是可以用到的；二是家庭成員之間的應(yīng)用，弟妹存了一份臍帶血，哥姐生病了，有1/4的幾率可以移植。正常健康的家庭存臍帶血是有利無(wú)害的，但是如果家里有基因問(wèn)題，建議不要存臍帶血。

疑問(wèn)3：目前臍帶血造血干細(xì)胞只適用于10歲以下兒童的需要？

孫媛教授指出，單份臍帶血造血干細(xì)胞可以用于治療多少體重的患者，根據(jù)非血緣還是自體移植、治療疾病的種類及臍帶血細(xì)胞數(shù)而定。只要細(xì)胞數(shù)量足夠，同樣可以用于大體重的患者。通常概念，非血緣移植因?yàn)樯婕芭懦夥磻?yīng)會(huì)消耗較多的細(xì)胞數(shù)，因此移植是需要植入較大數(shù)量的細(xì)胞數(shù)；而自體移植不發(fā)生排斥反應(yīng)，較少的細(xì)胞數(shù)即可植入。凍存的細(xì)胞數(shù)越多，可應(yīng)對(duì)的公斤體重越大。

疑問(wèn)4：自存臍帶血到底能不能治療白血??？

根據(jù)2009年衛(wèi)計(jì)委發(fā)布的《臍帶血造血干細(xì)胞治療技術(shù)管理規(guī)范（試行）》定義，臍帶血造血干細(xì)胞可以治療血液系統(tǒng)疾病和免疫系統(tǒng)疾病，比如地中海貧血、骨髓衰竭、血紅蛋白病、重癥免疫缺陷病、骨髓增生異常綜合征、多發(fā)性骨髓瘤、惡性淋巴瘤、重癥再生障礙性貧血、重癥放射病等。

醫(yī)學(xué)上白血病的發(fā)病原因分為先天性和后天性。后天性白血病完全可以用自體臍血來(lái)治療；而先天性由于其基因缺陷不可以用自體臍帶血治療，只能用他人的臍帶血治療。如果患者是1歲內(nèi)發(fā)生白血病，臨床上通常會(huì)考慮先天遺傳因素導(dǎo)致，因自體臍血不能糾正自身基因缺陷，不采用自體臍血移植治療先天性白血病的方案。

孫媛教授表示，如果白血病不是先天的，自體臍帶血移植相比于其他來(lái)源的干細(xì)胞（骨髓和外周血）移植有非常大的優(yōu)勢(shì)，尤其是對(duì)于異體來(lái)源的干細(xì)胞來(lái)說(shuō)。因?yàn)樽泽w臍血移植幾乎沒(méi)有移植排斥問(wèn)題，所以基本不會(huì)出現(xiàn)移植失敗的情況。另外因?yàn)槭亲约旱募?xì)胞，不會(huì)出現(xiàn)移植物抗宿主病的反應(yīng)，所以說(shuō)自體臍帶血移植相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)是非常安全的。

尤其對(duì)于重型再生障礙性貧血、一些實(shí)體瘤和白血病，是完全可以通過(guò)自體臍帶血移植達(dá)到康復(fù)的，并且康復(fù)的效果比異體的要好，花費(fèi)也少得多。人民衛(wèi)生出版社第13版的《實(shí)用內(nèi)科學(xué)》在白血病的發(fā)病機(jī)制中說(shuō)明，對(duì)大多數(shù)白血病而言，不是遺傳性疾病。所以，對(duì)95%的兒童白血病而言是由于后天因素導(dǎo)致，這些后天因素包括：像裝修材料中有害成分等化學(xué)物質(zhì)、放射線、病毒感染等，患者自體臍血并不存在基因缺陷，是完全可以使用自體臍血進(jìn)行移植治療的。

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