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多動癥是怎么引起的，5大因素一定要早知道

出處：媽媽育兒網(wǎng)日期：2021-07-22 11:00:35編輯：森林
多動癥這個詞相比大多數(shù)朋友都聽說過，但是對其深入了解的人其實并不是很多。那么，多動癥是怎么引起的呢？常見引起多動癥有5大因素，大家一定要早知道，有助于減少孩子患上多動癥的可能性。
多動癥是怎么引起的，5大因素一定要早知道
1、腦神經(jīng)生理生化因素
研究表明：母親孕期患高血壓早產(chǎn)、低體重、缺血缺氧性腦病、腦膜炎，腦外傷、甲狀腺功能不全與多動癥也有關(guān)。大腦內(nèi)神經(jīng)化學(xué)遞質(zhì)失去平衡，也會導(dǎo)致多動癥的發(fā)生。還有比如去甲腎上腺素、神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)濃度降低，神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的抑制活動會被削弱，也會使孩子動作增多。
2、遺傳因素
一部分觀點認(rèn)為，家系遺傳、雙生子和寄養(yǎng)子的研究支持遺傳因素是ADHD的重要發(fā)病因素，平均遺傳度約為76％。
3、家庭和心理社會因素
心理因素對多動癥影響也是很重要的，孩子心理發(fā)育還不成熟，沒有好的良好的情緒調(diào)節(jié)功能，還有家庭氛圍不好，父母關(guān)系不和，家庭破裂，教養(yǎng)方式不當(dāng)，父母性格不良，家庭經(jīng)濟困難，住房擁擠，童年與父母分離、受虐待，學(xué)校的教育方法不當(dāng)或是學(xué)校受不當(dāng)體罰和不平等待遇歧視等都會使孩子受到重大精神創(chuàng)傷。
4、神經(jīng)生理
結(jié)構(gòu)磁共振成像（MRI）發(fā)現(xiàn)患者額葉發(fā)育異常和雙側(cè)尾狀核頭端不對稱。功能MRI還發(fā)現(xiàn)ADHD患者存在腦功能的缺陷，如額葉功能低下，在額葉特別是前額葉、基底節(jié)區(qū)、前扣帶回皮質(zhì)、小腦等部位功能異常激活。
5、環(huán)境因素
在這個與時俱新的大千社會中，環(huán)境因素也占一份！包括產(chǎn)前、圍生期和出生后因素。其中與妊娠和分娩相關(guān)的危險因素包括ADHD患者母親吸煙和飲酒、患兒早產(chǎn)、產(chǎn)后出現(xiàn)缺血缺氧性腦病以及甲狀腺功能障礙。與ADHD發(fā)生有關(guān)的兒童期疾病包括病毒感染、腦膜炎、腦炎、頭部損傷、癲癇、毒素和藥物。更多存有爭議的因素包括營養(yǎng)不良、與飲食相關(guān)的致敏反應(yīng)、過多服用含食物添加劑的飲料或食物、兒童缺鐵、血鉛水平升高、血鋅水平降低與ADHD發(fā)生有關(guān)。
多動癥需要多注意什么
1.要注意幫助患兒調(diào)整好情緒，避免緊張、焦慮的不良情緒干擾。家長要注意避免責(zé)備孩子，要陪孩子一起克服多動癥，給孩子充足的信心。
2.家長要控制好多動癥患兒的飲食結(jié)構(gòu)，平時要盡量減少含糖量高和含蛋白質(zhì)成分高的食物攝入?？梢远噙M食應(yīng)季蔬菜和水果，補充充足的維生素C成分，要注意保持營養(yǎng)多樣化，禁止進食含有化學(xué)添加劑的調(diào)味品攝入，以免加重多動癥患兒的病情。
3.要注意保持患兒充足的睡眠，適當(dāng)運動鍛煉等。有助于提高患兒的機體免疫力，預(yù)防復(fù)發(fā)等。

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