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“黃昏哭吵”的罪魁禍?zhǔn)锥嗍悄c絞痛

出處：網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集日期：2024-07-29 13:37:25編輯：秩名

當(dāng)白天即將結(jié)束、勞累了一天的全家人感到疲憊時，那個安靜的小可人兒，突然不知怎么變成了磨人的小怪獸。前面介紹的那些安撫方法幾乎全用了個遍，都沒能讓他安靜下來，這可怎么是好？
 
幾乎85%的健康寶寶，都會在3周到三四月齡的這段時間里，每天固定哭鬧一段時間，像是要以此作為一天的尾聲。這種哭鬧似乎毫無緣由，在數(shù)日或數(shù)周內(nèi)反復(fù)發(fā)生，而且簡直像鐘表一樣準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)，到了開哭開鬧的時間，寶寶就會變得特別神經(jīng)質(zhì)，等到哭完鬧完了以后，他又重新變成了小可人兒。這到底是為什么呢？
 
這種難以安撫的哭鬧通常始于出生后2周左右，到第6～8周時最為強(qiáng)烈，不過到了3～4月齡后就不常見了。由于大都發(fā)生于日落后的特定時間段（傍晚的5～8點(diǎn)之間），所以這種現(xiàn)象常被稱為“黃昏哭吵”，兒科醫(yī)生和育兒書籍里常稱之為“腸絞痛或腸痙攣（colic）”。這種稱謂顯得很專業(yè)，常會讓人誤以為是一種需要診斷和治療的嚴(yán)重疾病。但事實(shí)上，目前更傾向于是一種行為綜合征，沒有確切的誘因，也沒有普遍適用的治療方法。
 

那父母們該如何鑒別和應(yīng)對這種情況呢？

 
與有心理和生理需求的哭鬧相區(qū)別
 
哭鬧是一種信號，說明寶寶感到不舒服，但是這個信號很含糊，僅僅說明問題存在，卻沒有直接說明問題是什么，并且未表明問題的嚴(yán)重程度。如何能讓寶寶感到舒服一些，有時候確實(shí)需要憑父母的直覺。下面列舉的這些內(nèi)容，可能會對你判斷寶寶是不是“腸絞痛”有所幫助。
 

判斷“腸絞痛”的參考意見

 
可能是“腸絞痛”的表現(xiàn)：
 
1. 哺乳結(jié)束后，寶寶仍舊不能平靜下來，哺乳一結(jié)束，立即凄厲地啼哭，或者睡半小時左右后繼續(xù)凄厲地啼哭
 
2. 啼哭得很凄厲，雙腿向腹部收縮，身體似乎非常不舒服
 
3. 你所做的每一種安撫動作，效果都不佳，最多只能維持1?2分鐘，隨即又開始凄厲地啼哭
 
4. 凄厲的啼哭聲暫停時，寶寶的身體還一直在顫抖
 
5. 整個啼哭的過程至少持續(xù)1小時甚至長達(dá)3?4小時
 
6. 同樣的情況會在每天同一時段發(fā)生，從未在其他時間段發(fā)生過
 
可能不是“腸絞痛”的表現(xiàn)：
 
1. 哺乳結(jié)束后，寶寶還不能平靜下來，而是哼哼唧唧地啼哭很久，但沒有凄厲地啼哭，最終哭累了睡著了
 
2. 即使哭聲很凄厲，雙腿也向腹部收縮，但是啼哭的聲音很普通，身體也沒有不舒服的表現(xiàn)
 
3. 你所做的安撫，多少有點(diǎn)效果，或者做了幾種安撫，其中某一種有效果
 
4. 在安撫下啼哭能暫停，并且至少在你送他進(jìn)嬰兒床之前能保持安靜
 
5. 整個啼哭的過程不足半小時，或在再度啼哭之前，有1刻鐘左右的愉悅時間
 
6. 偶爾發(fā)生或時間段不固定
 
必須強(qiáng)調(diào)的是，如果寶寶越哭越兇，哭的時間越來越長，甚至伴隨嘔吐和有血絲的黏液便，應(yīng)盡快就醫(yī)，排除腸套疊、嵌頓疝等疾病的可能。
 

與疾病引起的哭鬧相區(qū)別

 
病理性的哭鬧大多持續(xù)而劇烈，甚至伴隨其他癥狀。當(dāng)你無法判斷寶寶究竟是“不舒服”還是“病了”，最好及時帶寶寶就醫(yī)。在去醫(yī)院的路上，把寶寶哭鬧的發(fā)生時間、強(qiáng)度、持續(xù)時間等能提供的所有線索都想清楚，到了醫(yī)院后翔實(shí)告訴醫(yī)生，必要時通過檢查排除潛在的疾病，如：嵌頓疝、腸套疊、胃食管反流、食物過敏（對奶粉過敏或哺乳媽媽吃了導(dǎo)致寶寶過敏的食物）等。

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