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如何培養(yǎng)0-3歲孩子的閱讀習(xí)慣

出處：網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集日期：2025-01-12 16:05:08編輯：秩名
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　　早在還沒有生孩子之前，我就問過我先生一個(gè)問題：“要是孩子出生了，你會(huì)送什么禮物給ta?”我先生是一個(gè)比較注重教育的人，他回答說：“書架吧!”問他為什么，他說“書架可以用很久，起碼小學(xué)之前都不用換。”當(dāng)然，他的回答是開玩笑的，但是也有其中的道理。
 
　　在教育孩子的問題方面，我們一早就達(dá)成共識(shí)，要從小培養(yǎng)孩子的閱讀興趣?；蛘哒f，不要帶著任何強(qiáng)迫的思維，我們希望閱讀成為孩子日常生活的一部分。
 
　　孩子什么時(shí)候開始閱讀好，其實(shí)并沒有一個(gè)確切的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，但是再早都不會(huì)錯(cuò)，再晚都不會(huì)遲。因此，只要你開始有這個(gè)想法了，隨時(shí)都可以開始。
 
　　朵朵接觸書本可以說是從2個(gè)月開始的，但1歲之前主要是聽書，自主開始看書我記得大約是從一歲左右開始的，到現(xiàn)在我們一起讀過的書我沒仔細(xì)算過，但她現(xiàn)在有每天看書的習(xí)慣。
 
　　那么對(duì)于0-3歲的孩子，如何培養(yǎng)他們的閱讀習(xí)慣呢?
 
　　一、0-6個(gè)月：聽書為主
 
　　此時(shí)的孩子完全拿不動(dòng)一本書，你只能在她耳邊讀一些韻律豐富多變、句子優(yōu)美的童書。且在孩子3個(gè)月前，經(jīng)常讀著讀著，孩子就一口奶噴出來。或者當(dāng)你還在用夸張的語句念著書，逗她開心的時(shí)候，她卻不知道什么時(shí)候就開始犯困了，打幾個(gè)呵欠就睡著了。
 
　　但不要因此就氣餒，這個(gè)時(shí)候給孩子讀書，或許你看不到任何的效果(即使有效果，你也看不見)，但是對(duì)大人來說，可以養(yǎng)成自己陪孩子讀書的習(xí)慣。
 
 
 
　　二、6-12個(gè)月：書本是玩具
 
　　一眨眼，孩子6個(gè)月大了，這時(shí)候她已經(jīng)會(huì)自己抓著東西玩了，開始對(duì)顏色豐富、圖畫精美的書本感興趣了。
 
　　一開始她會(huì)很有興趣地拿起來、仔細(xì)看、用手摸、甚至是咬，但是當(dāng)她翻厭了，就扔一邊，再也不想碰。而且，當(dāng)她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的小手開始變靈活的時(shí)候，開始喜歡撕書。“滋”一聲，書本的封面就沒有了。撕完以后，還對(duì)你甜甜地一笑……所以此時(shí)你怎么辦?
 
　　策略：
 
　　此時(shí)的書本在孩子的眼里和一般的玩具是沒有區(qū)別的，但是可以混個(gè)臉熟，孩子會(huì)喜歡玩具，一樣會(huì)喜歡書?？吹胶⒆佑兴簳袨榈臅r(shí)候，可以采取以下兩個(gè)辦法：
 
　　1、把紙質(zhì)書本暫時(shí)收起來，買幾本布書、紙板書給她，撕了幾次撕不動(dòng)，她就沒有了撕書的動(dòng)力了。
 
　　2、如果孩子要撕紙質(zhì)的書本，馬上抓住她的手，溫和但堅(jiān)定地告訴她：“不能撕書!書本是拿來看的，不是拿來撕的。” 終于在強(qiáng)化了N次之后，孩子拿著書不再撕了。
 
 
　　三、12個(gè)月-2歲：從分心到專注
 
　　大約一歲左右，孩子開始知道書本是不能撕的了，但這個(gè)時(shí)候孩子的注意力很容易分散，讓她從客廳走回房間短短的幾步路，中間都可能會(huì)被別的事情吸引，看書的過程中分心再也正常不過了。
 
　　策略：
 
　　不要把孩子強(qiáng)抱在懷里看書，這樣反而會(huì)讓孩子討厭看書?？梢园褧痉旁谒玫玫降牡胤?，這樣她想起的時(shí)候，就會(huì)拿著來翻了。
 
　　每天選一個(gè)固定的時(shí)間，自己拿起一本書，“津津有味”看起來，看到有趣的地方，驚奇地說“哇!小豬會(huì)自己穿褲子了!真棒!”這時(shí)候，孩子一般會(huì)很感興趣地跑過來，想看看小豬穿褲子的樣子。孩子逐漸就被書本的內(nèi)容吸引了，會(huì)主動(dòng)鉆進(jìn)我的懷里，讓我陪她看書。
 
　　慢慢地，孩子從一開始的30秒到1分鐘、2分鐘，專注于書本的時(shí)間越來越長了。
 
　　四、2歲以后：我有我的喜好了，你不能干涉
 
　　2歲以后，孩子開始有自己的喜好，看到不喜歡的書本，她會(huì)不愿意看。而且她喜歡或討厭一本書本的原因可能會(huì)出乎你的意料。
 
　　例如，她非常喜歡《三只小豬》，是因?yàn)榉饷娴钠渲幸恢恍∝i的衣服和小表哥的很像，連續(xù)幾個(gè)晚上都要看。她不喜歡看《月亮，晚上好》，是因?yàn)橛X得插圖中月亮的臉太大了，有點(diǎn)嚇人。
 
　　策略：
 
　　當(dāng)孩子對(duì)圖書開始有自己的喜好了，這時(shí)候要聽聽孩子的聲音，喜歡的才看，不喜歡的可以放一邊，等她感興趣了再看。另外，這時(shí)候可以多陪孩子逛圖書館或者書店，讓孩子隨心翻閱，看到喜歡的再買下來，避免買回來了才被打入冷宮。
 
 
　　另外在培養(yǎng)孩子閱讀習(xí)慣的過程中，還要注意以下幾個(gè)問題：
 
　　1、氛圍非常重要
 
　　想孩子養(yǎng)成讀書的習(xí)慣，氛圍非常重要，可以說1歲前陪孩子讀書，其實(shí)只是在為培養(yǎng)她的這個(gè)習(xí)慣鋪路。如果孩子讀書的時(shí)候，家人在旁邊看電視，嘻嘻哈哈，想必孩子一定會(huì)放下書本，加入到看電視的退隊(duì)伍。
 
　　2、書本不要一次買太多
 
　　書本一下買太多，孩子會(huì)不知道看哪本好，最后的結(jié)果可能是都不好好看了，每一本都是走馬觀花。最好是孩子讀完一本，要求看下一本的時(shí)候再買。至于一下子買太多新書，孩子會(huì)覺得書本是很容易得到的東西，可能就不會(huì)那么重視和珍惜了。
 
　　3、讀書不要有很強(qiáng)的功利性
 
　　陪孩子讀書，或者讓孩子讀書，不要抱著太功利的心，一定要孩子認(rèn)識(shí)多少字，能流利地說出自己學(xué)到了什么。陪讀更多是親子活動(dòng)，只要孩子和家長享受這個(gè)過程即可，不要像做功課一樣，這樣只會(huì)讓孩子討厭讀書。如果孩子體會(huì)到了讀書的趣味性，會(huì)纏著你陪讀，你想脫身都沒辦法。

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