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多語(yǔ)言環(huán)境 寶寶學(xué)說(shuō)話(huà)更慢？

出處：網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集日期：2024-11-13 18:36:00編輯：秩名
多語(yǔ)言環(huán)境 寶寶學(xué)說(shuō)話(huà)更慢？
　朋友跟我講了一個(gè)煩惱，說(shuō)自己家的寶寶1歲8個(gè)月了，看著很機(jī)靈，但就是學(xué)講話(huà)很慢。
 
　　問(wèn)了一下家里的情況，原來(lái)寶寶平時(shí)都是爺爺奶奶帶，爸爸媽媽想讓寶寶從小講普通話(huà)，因此也一直跟寶寶說(shuō)普通話(huà)，但是爺爺奶奶又經(jīng)常對(duì)寶寶說(shuō)方言，結(jié)果寶寶到現(xiàn)在會(huì)說(shuō)的話(huà)沒(méi)幾句，怎么辦呢?是不是單一的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境，更有利于寶寶學(xué)說(shuō)話(huà)啊?
 
　　寶寶說(shuō)話(huà)晚，與多語(yǔ)言環(huán)境無(wú)關(guān)!
 
　　這里首先糾正一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的觀點(diǎn)，國(guó)內(nèi)很多育兒類(lèi)的文章都會(huì)提到，語(yǔ)言環(huán)境過(guò)于復(fù)雜，寶寶會(huì)不知道該學(xué)哪種語(yǔ)言好，于是會(huì)出現(xiàn)“貴人語(yǔ)遲”的情況，甚至還會(huì)出現(xiàn)所謂的“失語(yǔ)癥”……
 
　　這可嚇壞了不少媽媽吧!實(shí)際上“失語(yǔ)癥”是腦組織病變導(dǎo)致的，和多語(yǔ)言環(huán)境半毛錢(qián)關(guān)系都木有!
 
　　國(guó)外有研究表明，無(wú)論是在單語(yǔ)還是在多語(yǔ)(≥2)環(huán)境下，寶寶說(shuō)話(huà)早或晚的幾率都是一樣的。多語(yǔ)言環(huán)境下成長(zhǎng)的寶寶，學(xué)會(huì)說(shuō)話(huà)的時(shí)間也在正常的范圍內(nèi)。
 
　　多語(yǔ)言環(huán)境下，寶寶會(huì)在不同的表達(dá)中，學(xué)習(xí)不同的語(yǔ)言，然后兩種語(yǔ)言系統(tǒng)相互補(bǔ)充。慢慢地，他們會(huì)逐漸學(xué)會(huì)區(qū)分兩種語(yǔ)言，在和不同的對(duì)象說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)，能在不同的語(yǔ)言之間靈活切換，并不會(huì)出現(xiàn)所謂的表達(dá)障礙!
 
　　另外，不同的語(yǔ)言在寶寶的大腦中會(huì)產(chǎn)生兩個(gè)不同的回路，雙語(yǔ)言環(huán)境下長(zhǎng)大的寶寶，會(huì)對(duì)兩種語(yǔ)言都作出反應(yīng)。從大腦一個(gè)區(qū)域向另一個(gè)區(qū)域轉(zhuǎn)換的能力，能使寶寶在某些方面有更好的表現(xiàn)，也就是說(shuō)，多語(yǔ)言的環(huán)境還可能讓寶寶更聰明!
 
　　不少多語(yǔ)言家庭的寶寶說(shuō)話(huà)晚，怎么解釋?
 
　　估計(jì)不少媽媽都會(huì)想到身邊某個(gè)寶寶，因?yàn)榧依镎Z(yǔ)言太復(fù)雜而很遲才學(xué)會(huì)說(shuō)話(huà)。
 
　　確實(shí)，很多家庭都面臨著這樣的問(wèn)題，寶寶出生后不久就由家里的老人帶，爸爸媽媽都想著讓寶寶從小就學(xué)普通話(huà)，但是老人操著一口地道的方言和寶寶交流。不知不覺(jué)地，寶寶突然有一天奶聲奶氣地跟爸爸媽媽說(shuō)了一句“很土”的方言，那腔調(diào)像極了爺爺奶奶……嚇得媽媽瓜子都掉了，趕緊用普通話(huà)糾正寶寶的口音。
 
　　實(shí)際上，寶寶說(shuō)話(huà)晚，并不是由于語(yǔ)言環(huán)境導(dǎo)致的，而是家里人的態(tài)度。
 
　　例如：寶寶剛在爺爺奶奶那里學(xué)會(huì)了一句方言，超有成就感地在媽媽前面說(shuō)“蘋(píng)怪”，結(jié)果媽媽一驚一乍地回應(yīng)道：“寶寶不對(duì)!不能這樣說(shuō)!來(lái)，跟著媽媽學(xué)‘píng~guǒ~’”
 
　　但是，媽媽一轉(zhuǎn)身，爺爺奶奶又跟孩子說(shuō)方言了，這可怎么辦呢?
 
　　寶寶正是因?yàn)椴恢涝撛趺崔k，才出現(xiàn)了說(shuō)話(huà)晚的情況。
 
　　很多兒科醫(yī)生都提到一點(diǎn)，頻繁更換照顧者，孩子的健康可能會(huì)受到影響，因?yàn)槊總€(gè)照顧者的風(fēng)格都不一樣。在寶寶語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)方面也一樣，大人的意見(jiàn)不合，態(tài)度不一，才會(huì)導(dǎo)致寶寶說(shuō)話(huà)晚。“到底誰(shuí)說(shuō)的才是對(duì)的?我應(yīng)該聽(tīng)誰(shuí)的啊”——寶寶內(nèi)心的糾結(jié)，爸爸媽媽都了解嗎?
 
　　家里語(yǔ)言不統(tǒng)一，怎么辦?
 
　　孩子真正需要的，其實(shí)是自然的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境，大人刻意干預(yù)，才是孩子學(xué)語(yǔ)言的最大障礙。
 
　　無(wú)論是在單語(yǔ)言環(huán)境，還是在多語(yǔ)言環(huán)境，孩子在學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的過(guò)程中都會(huì)遇到不少困難。這時(shí)候大人不要心急，不要再次糾結(jié)到底是“單語(yǔ)言好，還是多語(yǔ)言好”。
 
　　家人之間融洽地交流，原來(lái)是使用哪種語(yǔ)言的，現(xiàn)在就使用哪種語(yǔ)言。
 
　　孩子本身有非常強(qiáng)的適應(yīng)能力，只要受到家人一致的鼓勵(lì)，即使身處普通話(huà)與方言的雙語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中，孩子一樣能慢慢學(xué)會(huì)。
 
　　威廉·西爾斯說(shuō)過(guò)：“寶寶使用語(yǔ)言，是不用教的，不過(guò)他聽(tīng)得越多，就能更好地學(xué)說(shuō)話(huà)。”
 
　　確實(shí)，讓孩子學(xué)說(shuō)話(huà)，從來(lái)就不是讓孩子乖乖地坐在小板凳上，聽(tīng)大人講什么是“主謂賓，定狀補(bǔ)”
 
　　語(yǔ)言是在溝通中學(xué)會(huì)的。大人對(duì)寶寶的需求能做出及時(shí)回應(yīng)，在日常生活中多說(shuō)，自然地說(shuō)，才真正有利于寶寶學(xué)說(shuō)話(huà)。

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