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嬰幼兒大動(dòng)作是否達(dá)標(biāo)？父母做好這些細(xì)節(jié)很重要，娃聰明又長(zhǎng)得好

出處：@雪花里的搞笑屋日期：2024-06-21 15:30:53編輯：網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集

在民間，有句順口溜：

針對(duì)小悅遇到的問題，我專門查閱了相關(guān)的權(quán)威資料，今天整理了這篇文章。這篇文章是關(guān)于寶寶大動(dòng)作發(fā)展系列問題，你想了解的，基本都可以找到答案。

粗大運(yùn)動(dòng)簡(jiǎn)稱大運(yùn)動(dòng)或大肌肉運(yùn)動(dòng)，是運(yùn)用個(gè)體功能，配合大肌肉運(yùn)動(dòng)，以有計(jì)劃、有系統(tǒng)的肢體運(yùn)動(dòng)來改善個(gè)體的運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)能，促進(jìn)身心發(fā)展。

人的一生都離不開大運(yùn)動(dòng)，孩子上幼兒園后，將學(xué)會(huì)拍球、跳繩、跳彈簧床，使個(gè)體在生活空間中的動(dòng)作更為精密與敏捷，通過這些訓(xùn)練，兒童能在手、眼、腳的配合與協(xié)調(diào)方面大為加強(qiáng)，在動(dòng)作的速度、方向、力量與變化等方面，也會(huì)更加成熟。

嬰幼兒的大動(dòng)作發(fā)展是遵循一定的規(guī)律發(fā)展的，具體的規(guī)律是按以下幾點(diǎn)進(jìn)行：

嬰兒的最初動(dòng)作是全身性的，籠統(tǒng)的，散漫的，然后慢慢逐漸分化為局部的、準(zhǔn)確的、專門化的。例如：剛出生的寶寶，他哭鬧的時(shí)候，會(huì)全身扭動(dòng)，手腳并動(dòng)，但這些動(dòng)作都是籠統(tǒng)的，并不準(zhǔn)確。

嬰兒的大動(dòng)作發(fā)展是從身體上部動(dòng)作到下部動(dòng)作，最早的動(dòng)作是在頭部，其次在軀干，最后是下肢。

寶寶的大動(dòng)作是按照先大肌肉動(dòng)作再到小肌肉動(dòng)作這樣的發(fā)展的方向。

不同的年齡階段，嬰幼兒的大動(dòng)作發(fā)展特點(diǎn)不同，父母要根據(jù)寶寶的大動(dòng)作發(fā)展特點(diǎn)，進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的運(yùn)動(dòng)訓(xùn)練。下面我們來看看每個(gè)階段的特點(diǎn)，對(duì)照一下自己寶寶，看看是否達(dá)標(biāo)？

當(dāng)寶寶0～1歲時(shí)，他(她）的大動(dòng)作發(fā)展以移動(dòng)運(yùn)動(dòng)為主，比如：躺、爬、站等。

當(dāng)寶寶到了1～2歲時(shí)，他（她）的大動(dòng)作發(fā)展由移動(dòng)活動(dòng)向基本運(yùn)動(dòng)技能過渡，如：爬（障礙爬）、走、滾、踢、扔、接等。

當(dāng)寶寶到了2～3歲時(shí)，他（她）的大動(dòng)作發(fā)展以基本運(yùn)動(dòng)技能為主，向各種動(dòng)作均衡發(fā)展，如：走（向不同方向走、曲線走、側(cè)身走或倒著走）、跑（追逐跑、障礙跑）、跳（原地跳、向前跳）、投擲運(yùn)動(dòng)器具、蕩秋千、蹬童車等。

嬰幼兒動(dòng)作發(fā)展有一個(gè)循序漸進(jìn)的過程。在不同的年齡階段有不同的肢體動(dòng)作發(fā)展要求，爸爸媽媽應(yīng)該根據(jù)寶寶的年齡特點(diǎn)來選擇適宜的運(yùn)動(dòng)游戲進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練。下面我們針對(duì)四個(gè)不同時(shí)期，如何選擇合適的大動(dòng)作訓(xùn)練游戲？

0～6個(gè)月的嬰兒應(yīng)選擇與仰臥、側(cè)臥、俯臥、翻身、蠕動(dòng)、抱坐、扶坐等動(dòng)作發(fā)展有關(guān)的游戲進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練。

具體玩法：

寶寶仰臥的時(shí)候，家長(zhǎng)拉起其一只手，帶動(dòng)其身軀翻轉(zhuǎn)過來變成俯臥，也可以由俯臥再拉手變成仰臥。

將寶寶放在被單上，家長(zhǎng)抓住被單的兩個(gè)角，輪流拉高或放低，讓寶寶在被單里滾來滾去，體驗(yàn)翻身的要領(lǐng)。

待寶寶能夠隨心所欲地翻動(dòng)身體時(shí)，家長(zhǎng)可以在床上擺放一些障礙物，如枕頭、棉被等，讓嬰兒從上面翻過去。

7～12個(gè)月的嬰兒應(yīng)選擇與坐、爬行、扶站、姿勢(shì)轉(zhuǎn)換、扶走等動(dòng)作發(fā)展有關(guān)的游戲進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練。

剛開始學(xué)習(xí)爬行的時(shí)候，給寶寶選擇平整的地面，鋪上爬行墊，把寶寶放在爬行墊上。寶寶爬的時(shí)候是右手前進(jìn)，左腳跟進(jìn)，然后左手前進(jìn)，右腳跟進(jìn)，如同四足動(dòng)物行進(jìn)的姿勢(shì)。

寶寶掌握了一定的爬行技巧后，家長(zhǎng)可以把寶寶放在有上下斜坡的地方爬行，每爬一步，身體就會(huì)感受到一次地心引力的變化，這種爬行過程可使前庭平衡系統(tǒng)得到充分的訓(xùn)練。

寶寶已經(jīng)很熟悉爬行方法后，家長(zhǎng)可以給寶寶做一些升級(jí)爬行法。在爬行時(shí)，讓寶寶停下來改做其他動(dòng)作，然后再繼續(xù)爬行，如把跪立、攀物站起、坐下俯臥等動(dòng)作與爬行組合在一起，使寶寶能夠在爬行過程中不斷變換動(dòng)作，刺激大腦細(xì)胞的活動(dòng)，培養(yǎng)其平衡能力。

1歲～1歲半的幼兒應(yīng)選擇與站立、獨(dú)立走、攀登、掌握平衡等動(dòng)作發(fā)展有關(guān)的游戲進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練。

寶寶剛開始學(xué)習(xí)走路的時(shí)候，家長(zhǎng)可以為寶寶選擇玩具車、手推車、學(xué)步推車等，可以讓幼兒用兩手扶著在地上推著走，借助車的力量學(xué)會(huì)如何邁步。

寶寶掌握了一定的走路技巧時(shí)，家長(zhǎng)可以讓孩子跪在床上用膝蓋走路，有助于訓(xùn)練他的平衡機(jī)能。

孩子已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了走路時(shí)，家長(zhǎng)可以在地上擺一些高約20厘米的障礙物，鼓勵(lì)寶寶跨過去，可以訓(xùn)練孩子的單腳站立的能力。

1歲半～3歲的幼兒應(yīng)選擇與穩(wěn)步行走、跑步、攀登樓梯、跳躍、單腳站立、翻滾、走平衡木、拋物、接物、旋轉(zhuǎn)等動(dòng)作發(fā)展有關(guān)的游戲進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練。

圍繞丟、拋、踢、拍、投等基本動(dòng)作，變換有趣味性的方式進(jìn)行游戲訓(xùn)練。

動(dòng)作發(fā)育是寶寶成長(zhǎng)過程中必須經(jīng)歷的肢體運(yùn)動(dòng)，是衡量寶寶發(fā)育是否良好的重要指標(biāo)之一，也是寶寶認(rèn)知能力和智力能力發(fā)展的重要因素之一。

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