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一月黃疸, 二月腸絞痛, 三月抬頭, 寶寶每個月齡的生長特征,媽媽們要知道！

出處：@母嬰視界科普日期：2024-06-22 10:22:39編輯：網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集

有了寶寶之后，新爸爸媽媽特別的擔(dān)心，怕自己護(hù)理不好寶寶的成長，也不知道周歲內(nèi)的寶寶每個月的情況，其實你只要記?。阂辉曼S疸二月腸絞痛三月抬頭四月輔食五月出牙六月背奶七坐八爬等……這12個月的寶寶發(fā)育史，就能很好的應(yīng)對寶寶的各種問題了。

第1個月：黃疸

黃疸是每個新生兒來到這個世界的“必經(jīng)之路”，表現(xiàn)為寶寶出生后24小時內(nèi)出現(xiàn)周身發(fā)黃的癥狀，分為生理性黃疸和病理性黃疸兩種。生理性黃疸可以自愈，且不會對寶寶健康和發(fā)育造成影響。如果黃疸出現(xiàn)較早，值比較高，就提示有病理性黃疸的可能，需要及時請醫(yī)生診斷。

第2個月：哭與腸絞痛

腸絞痛是一種神秘的、非常常見的生長發(fā)育中的問題，至今沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)確切的發(fā)病原因，而對于父母來說，寶寶得腸絞痛是令人焦慮的，特別是當(dāng)腸絞痛的原因和治療方法不明確的時候。雖然還沒有研究者對引起嬰兒腸絞痛的原因作出明確且肯定的回答，但大致可能出自3個原因：控制腸壁蠕動的神經(jīng)發(fā)育不成熟;腹部脹氣;不良情緒的傳染。

第3個月：抬頭

寶寶出生后幾天內(nèi)就可以俯臥，但1個月內(nèi)的寶寶俯臥還不能自己主動抬起頭，只能本能地掙扎，使面部轉(zhuǎn)向一側(cè)，到兩個月時能稍稍抬起頭和前胸部，3個月時頭能抬得很穩(wěn)。當(dāng)然，也有少數(shù)寶寶由于體質(zhì)和發(fā)育的原因，還不能實現(xiàn)真正意義上的抬頭，這個都不要過于在意。

第4個月：添輔食

4個月添輔食還是6個月添輔食是很多媽媽為之糾結(jié)的問題。事實上，我們大可不必一定在兩者之間做出非此即彼的選擇。寶寶胃腸功能的發(fā)育速度不同，有些寶寶在4個月左右就可以耐受輔食，而有些寶寶卻需要等到6個月大的時候才能接受。

因此，不妨將何時添加輔食的決定權(quán)交給寶寶，當(dāng)寶寶開始對大人進(jìn)餐產(chǎn)生興趣，喜歡注視餐桌上的食物，甚至流出口水。當(dāng)寶寶可以坐在餐椅上，頸部肌肉足以支持頭部。當(dāng)你嘗試把食物送進(jìn)寶寶嘴里時，寶寶能夠伸出舌頭，此時你就可以嘗試給寶寶添加輔食了。

第5個月：長乳牙

寶寶乳牙共有20顆，包括8顆切齒，4顆犬齒和8顆臼齒。一般情況下，寶寶出生5個月左右長出第一顆牙齒，到2歲半左右乳牙出齊。6歲左右乳牙逐漸脫落，恒牙開始萌出，取代乳牙。寶寶長牙早晩的個體差異非常大，有的寶寶4個月甚至更早就長出了第一顆牙，而有的寶寶8~9個月時嘴里還是光禿禿的。對于長牙稍晩的寶寶，媽媽完全不必?fù)?dān)心。

第6個月：背奶

媽媽們該上班了，母乳喂養(yǎng)還能不能堅持?答案毋庸置疑——當(dāng)然可以。只要你做好如下準(zhǔn)備。

思想準(zhǔn)備：堅定母乳喂養(yǎng)的決心，樹立排除萬難的精神，頂住提倡斷奶的輿論壓力，屏蔽“找地做飯”時周遭的異樣目光，誓將“母乳喂養(yǎng)”事業(yè)進(jìn)行到底。

業(yè)務(wù)準(zhǔn)備：熟悉“背奶”流程，對“吸奶、儲奶、凍奶、溫奶”幾個環(huán)節(jié)的業(yè)務(wù)熟練。

第7個月：寶寶會坐了

寶寶要坐起來需要有強(qiáng)壯的背部肌肉作基礎(chǔ)。寶寶坐得穩(wěn)了，說明他的骨骼發(fā)育、神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)、肌肉協(xié)調(diào)能力等趨于成熟。通常寶寶會先靠坐，呈現(xiàn)半躺坐的姿勢。接下來會嘗試身體微微前傾，并用雙手在身體兩側(cè)支持著坐直。

一般情況下，6個月的時候，小寶寶會自己坐，而且坐的比較穩(wěn)定，也就是不會突然就倒下，可以自己平衡身體，但是不要讓寶寶長期坐著，不然對脊椎不利。

第8個月：爬行

8個月的時候，寶寶開始爬啦!開始由蠕蟲類進(jìn)化到爬蟲類了，學(xué)會了四肢配合運動，開始爬行了，這時候要小心了，注意別掉下床!

第9個月：睡整夜覺

隨著寶寶神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)發(fā)育成熟，剛出生時的那種“想睡就睡、想吃就吃”的生活節(jié)奏，會逐漸被相對固定的作息時間取代。媽媽晚上能輕松睡個好覺了。加之寶寶已經(jīng)能夠理解晝夜變化，一次攝入的奶量也有所增加，開始有了攢肚的趨勢，大便次數(shù)減少，這些都為寶寶睡整夜覺提供了條件。

第10個月：會叫媽媽了

寶寶從出生就已經(jīng)可以利用多種方式和外界進(jìn)行交流。在最初的日子里，寶寶利用哭聲向媽媽傳達(dá)自己的各種需求。隨著寶寶的成長，眼睛注視時間的增長，和媽媽的目光交流會越來越多。通常當(dāng)寶寶2個月時，就會向媽媽露出第一個有意識的微笑。之后，他會慢慢學(xué)習(xí)用豐富的面部表情和咿咿呀呀的寶寶語和媽媽進(jìn)行交流。

研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在寶寶最初學(xué)習(xí)語言的階段，和成人交流越多，寶寶的語言技能發(fā)育就會越理想。因此，媽媽不要怕寶寶聽不懂，一定要抽空多和寶寶說說話。洗澡時、換衣服時、喂奶時、換尿布時部是理想的親子交流時間。

第11個月：可以站、可以走

11個月的寶寶可以扶著平衡物行走了，不過還要看寶寶的身體發(fā)育，比如有些寶寶不到一歲就會走了，有的一歲半還不會走，這只是個參考。

第12個月：斷奶

育兒專家建議，應(yīng)至少純母乳喂養(yǎng)至寶寶6個月，母乳喂養(yǎng)最好能到2歲。你遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超越了最低要求，但離理想狀態(tài)還著實有一段距離。在寶寶1歲生曰這個重要節(jié)點，你因為是否“該斷奶”而舉棋不定。

對于何時斷奶這件事兒，需要考慮的因素非常之多，要綜合地分析媽媽和寶寶的具體情況，權(quán)衡利弊，才能做出最適合的決定。寶寶的需要應(yīng)該被優(yōu)先考慮，而媽媽的因素也不能被忽視。如果媽媽為了堅持母乳喂養(yǎng)壓力過大，影響了正常的生活和親子關(guān)系就得不償失了。

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