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陜西11批次羊奶粉上“黑榜” 奶粉怎么選才不會躺著“中槍”(2)

出處：媽媽育兒網(wǎng)日期：2015-12-16 11:55:26編輯：admin

羊奶粉成資本追逐目標(biāo)

盡管起步較晚，但羊奶粉產(chǎn)業(yè)已成為乳企爭相涉足的藍(lán)海。

宋亮表示，“2008年嬰幼兒牛奶粉曝出“三聚氰胺事件”，客觀上讓羊奶粉迎來了發(fā)展契機(jī)。就在此時(shí)，一些企業(yè)開始轉(zhuǎn)向做羊奶粉。”

隨后的2013年，國務(wù)院出臺《關(guān)于進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)嬰幼兒配方乳粉質(zhì)量安全工作的意見》，首次承認(rèn)羊奶可作為嬰幼兒配方乳粉的原料——此時(shí)國內(nèi)羊奶粉產(chǎn)業(yè)已具一定規(guī)模。中國西部乳業(yè)協(xié)作會統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2013年全國羊奶粉產(chǎn)值約25億元，2014年已增至50億元。

“今年陜西羊奶粉產(chǎn)量達(dá)6萬噸，產(chǎn)值超過30億元。“中國西部乳業(yè)協(xié)作會秘書長王偉民接受《每日經(jīng)濟(jì)新聞》記者采訪時(shí)稱。

從最近幾年數(shù)據(jù)看，國內(nèi)羊奶粉產(chǎn)值逐年上升。據(jù)宋亮分析，國內(nèi)羊奶粉市場火熱的原因，其一，羊奶粉認(rèn)可度逐漸提升。記者也注意到，國內(nèi)不少羊奶粉生產(chǎn)企業(yè)，以羊奶粉比牛奶粉“更加營養(yǎng)，更接近母乳”為賣點(diǎn)。其二，價(jià)格戰(zhàn)讓牛奶粉銷售門店和生產(chǎn)商的矛盾加大，但羊奶粉幾乎不受沖擊，能保持較高利潤。

上述陜西寶雞羊奶粉企業(yè)負(fù)責(zé)人亦稱，從終端售價(jià)上，羊奶粉要普遍高于牛奶粉，且主要集中在嬰幼兒配方奶粉中。而在嬰幼兒奶粉的購買上，消費(fèi)者體現(xiàn)出很大的不理性。

盡管國內(nèi)羊奶粉產(chǎn)值已達(dá)50億元（截止2014年），但整體規(guī)模尚不足國內(nèi)奶粉總產(chǎn)值的5%。宋亮透漏，目前國內(nèi)羊奶粉產(chǎn)能只有6萬~8萬噸，但市場需求超20萬噸，羊奶粉產(chǎn)業(yè)蘊(yùn)含著巨大的發(fā)展?jié)摿εc市場空間。

此情形之下，羊奶粉與資本市場的交集也越來越多。記者讓注意到，2014年2月，國內(nèi)乳業(yè)巨頭黑龍江飛鶴乳業(yè)有限公司收購陜西關(guān)山乳業(yè)有限責(zé)任公司70%的股權(quán)。今年，紅星美羚在新三板掛牌，成為中國羊奶粉行業(yè)首家掛牌企業(yè)。

企業(yè)良莠不齊亟待整合

在質(zhì)量要求相對較高的乳品行業(yè)，羊奶粉市場的急速擴(kuò)張，亦暴露出諸多隱患和問題。

“很多此前做牛奶粉的企業(yè)，發(fā)現(xiàn)羊奶粉更好賺錢，便轉(zhuǎn)做羊奶粉。”宋亮稱，良莠不齊的企業(yè)涌入羊奶粉生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域，導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)業(yè)化規(guī)模、生產(chǎn)規(guī)范和源頭管理等方面都跟不上，羊奶粉企業(yè)因此頻上“黑榜”。

上述陜西羊奶粉企業(yè)負(fù)責(zé)人向記者表示，目前國內(nèi)羊奶粉品牌達(dá)200家，且都是近三年急速發(fā)展起來的，“起步較晚，規(guī)模偏小，多為小型家族企業(yè)。”

而在此之前，國家針對乳企出臺的政策中，對羊奶粉的要求偏低，而隨著羊奶粉整個(gè)行業(yè)門檻提高，加上國家管理趨嚴(yán)，所以促使羊奶粉企業(yè)內(nèi)在問題被曝出。

針對目前的羊奶粉市場格局，宋亮認(rèn)為企業(yè)良莠不齊極易引起惡性競爭，而惡性競爭帶來的則是價(jià)格戰(zhàn)。從終端售價(jià)來看，目前羊奶粉產(chǎn)業(yè)附加值較高。附加值較高，利潤有保障，這樣企業(yè)才有錢發(fā)展上游奶源，而奶源是奶粉質(zhì)量最重要的環(huán)節(jié)因素。

王偉民稱，“多數(shù)陜西羊奶粉企業(yè)奶源都是以散貨購買為主，奶源基礎(chǔ)不好，要想做大、做好產(chǎn)業(yè)，須把現(xiàn)代化奶源基礎(chǔ)做起來。”

另一方面，多位乳企業(yè)專家認(rèn)為，目前50億元產(chǎn)值下羊奶粉品牌超200家，行業(yè)洗牌、整合為羊奶粉走向正規(guī)化的必經(jīng)之路。

國家食品藥品監(jiān)督管理總局最新公布，陜西兩家乳企生產(chǎn)的2批次羊奶粉被檢出含有阪崎腸桿菌。而在11月，陜西就有9批次的羊奶粉被曝不合格，其中包括剛掛牌新三板的紅星美羚

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